摘要
目的探讨湖北省监测点疟疾传播媒介按蚊的种类、数量、季节变化以及夜晚活动特点,为预防和控制疟疾的传播提供参考依据。方法在2023年7-9月期间,对湖北省枣阳市的3个村采用诱蚊灯法全通宵进行1次种群监测,监测持续开展3 d。另选择6个监测点采用双层叠帐法,在5-10月每个月上旬和下旬各开展1次按蚊密度监测。应用Excel 2013和SPSS 17.0软件进行数据的统计学分析,采用方差分析比较不同监测点按蚊密度的差异。结果通过按蚊种群监测共发现蚊虫21292只,其中中华按蚊202只(0.949%),库蚊21084只(99.023%),伊蚊3只(0.014%),骚扰阿蚊3只(0.014%)。牲畜棚环境共发现蚊虫20949只,其中中华按蚊145只(0.692%),库蚊20800只(99.289%),伊蚊1只(0.005%),骚扰阿蚊3只(0.014%)。稻田边环境共发现蚊虫181只,其中中华按蚊30只(16.575%),库蚊149只(82.320%),伊蚊2只(1.105%)。人房环境共发现蚊虫162只,其中中华按蚊27只(16.667%),库蚊135只(83.333%)。湖北省6个监测点密度监测共获得中华按蚊1368只,雷氏按蚊及其他按蚊种类均未发现。6个监测点中,按蚊数量最多是武穴市510只,最少是丹江口市22只。中华按蚊在7月下旬达到密度高峰,为5.47只/(人·h)。武穴市平均密度最高达到4.25只/(人·h),其次是恩施市,平均密度达到2.33只/(人·h),不同监测点之间按蚊密度差异有统计学意义(F=2.455,P<0.05)。监测点中华按蚊在晚上22:00活动达高峰值,平均密度达到3.48只/(人·h)。结论中华按仍然是湖北省主要的传疟媒介,且在部分地区密度较高,应加强对中华按蚊的监测工作,以防止输入性疟疾病例引起本地的再传播。
Objective To explore the species,number,seasonal changes and nighttime activity characteristics of Anopheles mosquitoes,the malaria transmission vectors in monitoring points in Hubei province,and provide an effective reference for the prevention and control of the spread of malaria.Methods The study planned to conduct a population monitoring of three villages in Zaoyang county,Hubei province,using the mosquito trap method all night in July to September 2023,and the monitoring lasted for 3 days.Six other monitoring points were selected to use the double-layer stacking method to conduct Anopheles density monitoring once in the early and late months of each month from May to October.Excel 2013 and SPSS 17.0 software were used for statistical analysis of the data,and variance analysis was used to compare the differences in Anopheles density at different monitoring points.ResultsIn 2023,a total of 21292 mosquitoes were found through Anopheles population monitoring,including 202 Anopheles sinensis(0.949%),21084 Culex mosquitoes(99.023%),3 Aedes mosquitoes(0.014%),and 3 Armigeres subalbatus(0.014%).A total of 20949 mosquitoes were found in the livestock shed environment,including 145 Anopheles sinensis(0.692%),20800 Culex mosquitoes(99.289%),1 Aedes mosquito(0.005%),and 3 Armigeres subalbatus(0.014%).A total of 181 mosquitoes were found in the rice field environment,including 30 Anopheles sinensis(16.575%),149 Culex mosquitoes(82.320%),and 2 Aedes mosquitoes(1.105%).A total of 162 mosquitoes were found in the human room environment,including 27 Anopheles sinensis(16.667%)and 135 Culex mosquitoes(83.333%).In 2023,a total of 1368 Anopheles sinensis were obtained in the density monitoring of 6 monitoring points in Hubei province,and no Anopheles lesteri and other Anopheles species were found.Among the 6 monitoring points,the largest number of Anopheles was 510 in Wuxue county,and the least was 22 in Danjiangkou county.In 2023,the density of Anopheles sinensis reached a peak in late July,reaching 5.47/(person·h).Wuxue county had the highest average density,reaching 4.25/(person·h),followed by Enshi county,with an average density of 2.33/(person·h).The differences in the density of Anopheles sinensis between different monitoring points were statistically significant(F=2.455,P<0.05).The activity of Anopheles sinensis at the monitoring point reached a peak at 22:00 in the evening,with an average density of 3.48/(person·h).Conclusions Anopheles sinensis was the main malaria vector in Hubei province,and the density was relatively high in some areas.The monitoring of Anopheles sinensis should be strengthened to prevent imported malaria cases from causing local retransmission.
作者
万伦
夏菁
李凯杰
朱红
吴冬妮
张娟
曹慕民
WAN Lun;XIA Jing;LI Kaijie;ZHU Hong;WU Dongni;ZHANG Juan;CAO Mumin(Institute of Schistosomiasis Control,Hubei Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Wuhan,Hubei 430079,China)
出处
《热带医学杂志》
2025年第7期974-977,986,共5页
Journal of Tropical Medicine
基金
湖北省自然科学基金青年项目(2020CFB130)
湖北省自然科学基金面上项目(2025AFB908)
湖北省卫生健康委员会青年人才项目(WJ2021Q047)。
关键词
疟疾
按蚊
湖北
Malaria
Anopheles mosquitoes
Hubei
