摘要
目的分析湖北省传疟按蚊的种类、密度、季节变化和叮咬习性等特征,为防控输入性疟疾引起本地再传播提供参考。方法2021-2023年每年7-9月在湖北省枣阳市的3个村开展按蚊种群监测,在室内环境(人房或牲畜棚)、室外环境(稻田或水塘边)各选取2个捕蚊场所开展1次按蚊种群监测,灯诱法全通宵捕蚊(19:00-次日7:00),连续3 d。另选择6个监测点,于每年5-10月的上旬和下旬各开展1次按蚊密度监测,通宵双层叠帐人诱法捕蚊(19:00-次日7:00)。分析按蚊密度的季节变化、夜间按蚊活动特征以及不同捕蚊场所按蚊种群结构,其中按蚊密度比较采用方差分析,种群构成差异比较采用χ^(2)检验。结果按蚊种群监测结果显示,2021-2023年灯诱法共捕获蚊虫样本42275只,其中中华按蚊占1.13%(477/42275),库蚊占98.86%(41791/42275),伊蚊3只,骚扰阿蚊4只。在牲畜棚场所共捕获蚊虫41710只,其中中华按蚊占0.93%(387/41710),库蚊占99.06%(41318/41710),伊蚊1只,骚扰阿蚊4只。在稻田/水塘边共捕获蚊虫290只,其中中华按蚊占13.79%(40/290),库蚊占85.52%(248/290),伊蚊占0.69%(2/290)。在人房场所共捕获蚊虫275只,其中中华按蚊占18.18%(50/275),库蚊占81.82%(225/275)。2021年,不同捕蚊场所捕获按蚊构成差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=2.823,P=0.091),2022和2023年不同捕蚊场所按蚊构成差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.024,P=0.013;χ^(2)=24.970,P<0.001),稻田/水塘边和人房捕获的按蚊比例高于牲畜棚。按蚊密度监测结果显示,2021-2023年,湖北省各监测点中华按蚊密度在6-7月达到高峰。2021-2023年,中华按蚊平均密度高峰值分别为7.73、6.66、5.47只/(人·h),均出现在7月下旬,不同年份间高峰值差异无统计学意义(F=0.071,P=0.932)。6个监测点中,武穴市监测点的按蚊平均密度最高,为6.82只/(人·h),其次为恩施市,平均密度为3.61只/(人·h),不同监测点按蚊密度差异有统计学意义(F=8.486,P<0.001)。中华按蚊在夜间21:00-<23:00达到活动高峰,2021-2023年,中华按蚊夜间密度峰值分别为5.31、5.91、3.48只/(人·h),不同年份间高峰值差异无统计学意义(F=0.365,P=0.700)。结论本次监测未捕获雷氏按蚊,目前中华按蚊仍是湖北省主要传疟媒介,且部分地区按蚊密度较高,有传播疟疾的潜在风险,建议在消除疟疾后阶段继续加强按蚊监测,防止疟疾输入再传播。
Objective:To analyze the species,density,seasonal variation,and biting habits of malaria-transmitting vector Anopheles in Hubei Province,China,so as to provide a reference for the prevention and control of local imported malaria re-transmission.Methods:The surveillance on Anopheles population was conducted once a year in three villages in Zaoyang City,Hubei Province in July to September from 2021 to 2023.Two mosquito-catching sites were selected in indoor environments(human house or livestock shed)and in outdoor environments(near the paddy field or pond),respectively.Mosquitoes were captured using the light-trap method(from 19:00 to 7:00 of the next day)for three consecutive days.From 2021 to 2023,additional six surveillance sites were selected for surveillance on Anopheles density once in early and late months of May to October each year,and mosquitoes were captured using the human-baited double net trap method(from 19:00 to 7:00 of the next day).The seasonal variation of density,activity characteristics at night,and population structure of Anopheles mosquitoes at different mosquito-catching sites were analyzed.Densities of Anopheles mosquitoes were compared by analysis of variance,and differences in Anopheles population composition were compared using the Chi-square test.Results:The surveillance on Anopheles population showed that a total of 42275 mosquitoes were collected by the light-trap method from 2021 to 2023,including An.sinensis(1.13%,477/42275),Culex(98.86%,41791/42275),Aedes(3),and Armigeres subalbatus(4).A total of 41710 mosquitoes were collected in livestock sheds,including An.sinensis(0.93%,387/41710),Culex(99.06%,41318/41710),Aedes(1),and Ar.subalbatus(4).A total of 290 mosquitoes were collected near the paddy field/pond,including An.sinensis(13.79%,40/290),Culex(85.52%,248/290),and Aedes(0.69%,2/290).A total of 275 mosquitoes were collected in human houses,including An.sinensis(18.18%,50/275)and Culex(81.82%,225/275).In 2021,the composition of Anopheles mosquitoes at different mosquito-catching sites was not significantly different(χ^(2)=2.823,P=0.091),while a significant difference was observed in 2022 and 2023(χ^(2)=6.024,P=0.013;χ^(2)=24.970,P<0.001),with the proportion of Anopheles mosquitoes collected near the paddy field/pond and from human houses higher than that in livestock sheds.The surveillance on Anopheles density showed that the density peak of An.sinensis at different surveillance sites in Hubei Province appeared from June to July in 2021-2023.From 2021 to 2023,the mean density peaks of An.sinensis were 7.73,6.66,and 5.47 mosquitoes/person·h,respectively,all occurring in late July with no significant differences(F=0.071,P=0.932).Among the additional six surveillance sites,the mean density of Anopheles mosquitoes was the highest in Wuxue City(6.82 mosquitoes/person·h),followed by Enshi City(3.61 mosquitoes/person·h).There was a significant difference in the density of Anopheles mosquitoes at different surveillance sites(F=8.486,P<0.001).Most active period of An.sinensis was 21:00-<23:00 at night.From 2021 to 2023,the peak densities of An.sinensis at night were 5.31,5.91,and 3.48 mosquitoes/person·h,respectively,and with no significant differences(F=0.365,P=0.700).Conclusions:In this surveillance,no An.lesteri mosquitoes were captured.Anopheles sinensis is still the main vector of malaria transmission in Hubei Province.In some areas,the density of Anopheles mosquitoes is still high,showing a potential risk of malaria transmission.Therefore,it is suggested to strengthen the surveillance on Anopheles mosquitoes in the malaria post-elimination stage to prevent re-transmission of malaria.
作者
万伦
夏菁
李凯杰
朱红
吴冬妮
张娟
曹慕民
WAN Lun;XIA Jing;LI Kai-jie;ZHU Hong;WU Dong-ni;ZHANG Juan;CAO Mu-min(Department of Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control,Hubei Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Wuhan,Hubei 430079,China)
出处
《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》
2025年第3期320-326,共7页
Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control
基金
湖北省自然科学基金青年项目(2020CFB130)
湖北省自然科学基金(2025AFB908)
湖北省卫生健康委员会青年人才项目(WJ2021Q047)。
关键词
疟疾
按蚊
监测
湖北省
Malaria
Anopheles mosquito
Surveillance
Hubei Province
