摘要
儿童急性中毒是全球公共卫生的重要挑战,尤其威胁婴幼儿和学龄前儿童的健康与安全。该文系统梳理近年来该领域在流行趋势、中毒原因、诊断与治疗技术及预防策略方面的研究进展。研究显示,儿童急性中毒受年龄、性别、地域及毒物类型等因素影响显著。婴幼儿急性中毒多因误食药物和化学品,青少年急性中毒则以蓄意中毒为主。随着新型毒物不断出现,儿童急性中毒日益受到关注。快速检测、生物标志物识别和智能化诊疗手段显著提高诊断效率;解毒剂优化、血液净化及体外膜肺氧合技术的应用也可改善临床预后。该综述进一步强调构建涵盖预防、识别与救治全流程的综合管理体系,通过系统化干预,有效提升中毒患儿的救治效率与安全保障水平。
Acute poisoning in children is a significant global public health challenge,posing serious threats to the health and safety of infants and preschool-aged children.This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the field,including trends in epidemiology,causes,diagnostic and therapeutic techniques,and prevention strategies.Studies indicate that pediatric acute poisoning is significantly influenced by factors such as age,sex,geographic region,and type of toxic agent.Accidental ingestion of medications and household chemicals is more common in infants and young children,whereas intentional poisoning predominates among adolescents.With the emergence of novel toxic substances,pediatric poisoning has garnered increasing attention.Rapid diagnostic techniques,biomarker identification,and intelligent medical interventions have markedly improved diagnostic efficiency.Advances in antidote development,blood purification therapies,and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation have further contributed to improved clinical outcomes.This review underscores the importance of establishing a comprehensive management system encompassing prevention,early recognition,and effective treatment,aiming to enhance the efficiency and safety of pediatric poisoning care through systematic and integrated approaches.
作者
段朱岩
曲艳凝
孙成文
郭琳瑛
任晓旭
Duan Zhuyan;Qu Yanning;SunChengwen;Guo Linying;Ren Xiaoxu(Emergency Department,Capital Center for Children's Health,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100020,China;Military Poisoning Treatment Center,The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100039,China)
出处
《国际儿科学杂志》
2025年第7期466-470,共5页
International Journal of Pediatrics
基金
首都医科大学附属首都儿童医学中心青年基金(QN-2024-15)。
关键词
儿童急性中毒
流行病学
诊断
治疗
预防
Acute poisoning in children
Epidemiology
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
