摘要
为探究减氮条件下植物内源激素脱落酸(ABA)对玉米籽粒品质的影响,在河南省周口市西华县农业科学研究所试验基地开展大田试验,以黄淮海地区主栽玉米‘郑单958’‘隆平638’‘裕丰303’和‘秋乐368’4个品种为研究对象,设225、180、90 kg/hm^(2)等3个施氮水平,以及吐丝后不喷施ABA和喷施ABA等2个喷施处理,测定玉米产量、淀粉、蛋白质、粗纤维和粗脂肪含量,研究不同施氮条件下喷施ABA对不同品种夏玉米产量和品质的影响。结果显示:施氮量降低后玉米籽粒产量显著下降;喷施ABA对产量无显著影响;各品种以‘秋乐368’产量最低,为8.62 t/hm^(2);各处理以‘裕丰303’正常氮不喷施ABA的处理产量最高,‘裕丰303’正常氮喷施ABA与之无显著差异。以225 kg/hm^(2)下籽粒总淀粉含量及其产量为最高,分别为74.96%和7.08 t/hm^(2),支链淀粉含量及其产量趋势与之相似,施氮处理对籽粒蛋白质产量、醇溶蛋白、麦谷蛋白和粗脂肪含量无显著影响;喷施ABA后,籽粒淀粉的含量和产量及其组分的产量、蛋白质的含量和产量、粗纤维含量均显著下降;各品种以‘裕丰303’淀粉含量、淀粉及其组分产量为最高,以‘秋乐368’蛋白质含量最高,但蛋白质、粗纤维产量最低;各处理以‘裕丰303’正常氮喷施ABA处理下总淀粉含量及其产量、支链淀粉产量和蛋白质产量最高。研究发现,本试验条件下,施用氮肥225 kg/hm^(2)配合吐丝后3 d喷施40 mg/LABA溶液2000 L/hm^(2),能够提高‘裕丰303’的籽粒产量、总淀粉含量、淀粉和支链淀粉以及蛋白质产量,达到玉米生产的高产、优质。
To explore the effect of plant endogenous hormone abscisic acid(ABA)on maize grain quality under nitrogen reduction conditions,a field experiment was carried out in the experimental base of Xihua County Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Zhoukou City,Henan Province.Four major summer maize cultivars,including‘ZD958’,‘LP638’,‘YF303’and‘QL368’,were selected as experimental materials,and three N application of 225,180 and 90 kg/hm^(2),and two foliar ABA treatments of no foliar ABA and foliar ABA were setup.The effect of foliar ABA under the different nitrogen fertilization on the grain yield and quality among the varieties was researched.The results showed that the grain yield reduced under the nitrogen fertilization reduction,and spraying ABA had no significant effect on yield.‘QL368’had the lowest yield of 8.62 t/hm^(2).The yield of‘YF303’treated with normal nitrogen without ABA was the highest,and there was no significant difference between‘YF303’treated with normal nitrogen and ABA.The total starch content and yield were the highest at 225 kg/hm^(2),which were 74.96%and 7.08t/hm^(2)respectively,same trend as the amylopectin content among the nitrogen treatments.It had no effect on the protein yield and gliadin,glutenin and crude fat content among N treatments.Foliar ABA decreased the grain starch and its component content and yield,protein yield,and crude fiber content.‘YF303’had the highest starch and its component content and yield,and‘QL368’had the highest protein content and protein but lowest crude fiber content.Among the treatments,under N application of 225 kg/hm^(2)and foliar ABA,‘YF303’had the highest total starch content and yield,amylopectin and protein yield.Thus,in this condition,N application 225 kg/hm^(2)and foliar 40 mg/L ABA solution 2000 L/hm^(2)3 d after silking could increase grain yield,total starch content,and starch,amylopectin and protein yield of‘YF303’,therefore resulting in high yield and quality in the maize productions.
作者
张盼盼
邵运辉
穆蔚林
郭涵潇
韩琳琳
李川
张美微
赵双锁
胡彦奇
宋建华
乔江方
ZHANG Panpan;SHAO Yunhui;MU Weilin;GUO Hanxiao;HAN Linlin;LI Chuan;ZHANG Meiwei;ZHAO Shuangsuo;HU Yanqi;SONG Jianhua;QIAO Jiangfang(Cereal Crops Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002;Henan Qiule Seeds Technology,CO.LTD,Zhengzhou 450002;Sanmenxia Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Sanmenxia,Henan 472000;Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Wuyang County,Luohe,Henan 462400;Zhoukou Vocational and Technical College,Zhoukou,Henan 466000)
出处
《中国农学通报》
2025年第24期8-19,共12页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
国家重点研发计划“高淀粉玉米产前产中提质增效配套技术模式构建”(2022YFD2300805)
河南省玉米产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(HARS-22-02-G2)
玉米生物育种全国重点实验室。
关键词
夏玉米
氮肥施用
脱落酸
籽粒产量
籽粒品质
summer maize
N application
abscisic acid(ABA)
grain yield
grain quality
