摘要
针对雪茄烟叶种植生产中打顶抑芽人工劳动强度大、作业效率低、抑芽剂喷施不均匀等问题,本文设计了一种背负式雪茄烟草打顶抑芽机,提出了依次夹持、剪切、施药工艺流程,该打顶抑芽机主要由同步夹持机构、剪切机构和抑芽剂喷施装置组成。开展了同步夹持机构稳定夹持状态下力学分析,确定了其关键结构参数;结合顶芽植株性状分析结果,依据滑切原理得出剪切刀片关键结构参数;抑芽剂喷施装置采用环形对心射流式的喷施作业方式,根据射流喷嘴内部流量特性分析了喷施装置关键结构参数范围。基于Fluent开展了喷施装置喷口流量特性单因素仿真试验,结果表明,当主流道直径为5~7 mm、喷口数量为5~7、喷口直径为1~2 mm时,各喷口间平均流速变异系数较小。以雪茄烟叶叶片染药率为指标进行了喷施装置结构优化田间试验,结果表明,当主流道直径为6 mm、喷口数量为6、喷口直径为1.5 mm、喷射角度为60°时,叶片染药率为0.37%;田间性能试验结果表明,背负式雪茄烟草打顶抑芽机平均顶芽切断率为92.40%,切断后顶芽掉落率为3.20%,抑芽剂喷施流量为25 mL/s时平均腋芽浸染率为93.75%,背负式雪茄烟叶打顶机可完成打顶抑芽工序,抑芽剂喷施均匀。研究结果为雪茄烟叶打顶抑芽机研制提供新途径。
Aiming at the problems of high labor intensity,low operation efficiency and uneven spraying of bud inhibitor in the process of cigar tobacco leaf planting and production,the work process of clamping,shearing,and spraying in turn was proposed.And the knapsack topping and bud suppression machine for cigar tobacco was developed.The machine was mainly composed of synchronous clamping mechanism,shearing mechanism and bud inhibitor spraying device.The mechanical analysis of the synchronous clamping mechanism under stable clamping state was carried out,and the key structural parameters were determined.Combined with the analysis of the structural characteristics of the top bud and the principle of sliding cutting,the key structural parameters of the shear blade were obtained.The spraying device of the bud inhibitor adopted the spraying operation mode of annular jet.According to the internal flow characteristics of the jet nozzle,the range of key structural parameters of the spraying device was analyzed.Based on Fluent software,the single factor simulation test of the nozzle flow characteristics was carried out.It was concluded that when the diameter of the main channel was 5~7mm,the number of nozzles was 5~7,and the diameter of the nozzles was 1~2mm,the fluid velocity between the nozzles was more uniform.The field experiment of spraying device structure optimization was carried out with the pesticide rate of cigar tobacco leaves as the index.The results showed that when the diameter of the main channel was 6mm,the number of nozzles was 6,the diameter of the nozzle was 1.5mm,and the spraying angle was 60°,the pesticide area of cigar leaves was 0.37%.The field performance test results showed that the average top bud cutting rate of the cigar tobacco leaf topping and bud suppression device was 92.40%,the top bud drop rate after cutting was 3.20%.And when the spraying flow rate of the bud suppressor was 25mL/s,the average axillary bud infection rate was 93.75%.The knapsack topping and bud suppression machine for cigar tobacco can complete the process of topping and bud inhibition,and the bud inhibitor was sprayed evenly.The research can provide an approach for the development of cigar tobacco leaves topping and bud inhibition machine.
作者
谢昊明
郭宇鹏
廖庆喜
杨春雷
杨锦鹏
余君
张青松
王磊
XIE Haoming;GUO Yupeng;LIAO Qingxi;YANG Chunlei;YANG Jinpeng;YU Jun;ZHANG Qingsong;WANG Lei(College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070,China;Tobacco Research Institute of Hubei Province,Wuhan 430030,China)
出处
《农业机械学报》
北大核心
2025年第7期434-445,共12页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
中国烟草总公司重大专项(110202101059(XJ-08))
湖北省烟草公司科技项目(027Y2021-006)。
关键词
雪茄烟叶
打顶
抑芽机
背负式
cigar tobacco
topping
bud inhibition
knapsack
