摘要
该研究旨在调查我国规模化猪场生长肥育猪福利现状及其改善措施。设计的调查问卷通过调查平台问卷星发布,回收到信息填写完整、生长肥育猪≥50头的151家猪场数据进行统计分析。结果表明:(1)与不重视动物福利猪场相比,重视动物福利的猪场更多地提供福利改善措施(环境舒适、善待动物、环境丰容、出栏坡道适宜)、降低环境/卫生/心理福利问题、减少异常行为(咬尾/咬耳、打斗、嗅闻同伴、破坏圈栏),改善幅度达到20%以上(P<0.05或P<0.01);(2)调研猪场2/3以上配备充足的采食和饮水空间、出栏时提供饮水,对应地生长肥育猪生理福利问题发生占比较低(7.3%),而环境/行为/心理福利问题以及出栏时肥育猪出现行走困难、瘫痪甚至死亡的发生占比较高(23.8%~31.1%),还有改善空间;(3)存栏>4000头猪场相比存栏≤4000头猪场,生长肥育猪心理福利问题发生占比下降16.9%(P<0.05),且善待动物、肥育猪出栏前停食措施占比分别增加14.4%、20.3%(P<0.05);(4)劳动定额>800头的猪场相比劳动定额≤800头的猪场,采用出栏前停食措施的占比增加17.8%(P<0.05);(5)北部猪场相比南部猪场,生长肥育猪行为福利问题发生占比、咬尾/咬耳行为发生占比分别下降17.5%、21.0%(P<0.05或P<0.01)。综上,重视动物福利,改善行为等福利问题,减少咬尾/咬耳行为,加强健康巡查、肥育猪出栏前停食等精细化管理以及提供环境丰容措施对改善生长肥育猪福利将有较大空间,并可能受到存栏规模等猪场因素的影响。
This study aims to investigate the current welfare status of growing and fattening pigs in large-scale pig farms in China and to explore potential improvement measures.A structured questionnaire was distributed via the QuestionStar platform,and data from 151 pig farms-each housing at least 50 growing and fattening pigs-were collected and statistically analyzed.The results indicate that:(1)Compared to farms that do not prioritize animal welfare,those emphasizing pig welfare are more likely to implement welfare improvement measures such as enhancing environmental comfort,treating animals kindly,providing environmental enrichment,and ensuring appropriate slaughter ramp design.These farms also experienced significant reductions(>20%)in environmental,hygiene,and psychological welfare issues,as well as abnormal behaviors including tail/barnacle biting,fighting,snout wandering,and cage damaging(P<0.05 or P<0.01).(2)Over two-thirds of the surveyed farms are equipped with sufficient feeding and drinking space and provide water at slaughter;consequently,the incidence of physiological welfare issues in growing and fattening pigs is relatively low(7.3%).However,issues related to environmental,behavioral,and psychological welfare,as well as occurrences of walking difficulties,paralysis,or even death during slaughter,have relatively higher incidences(23.8%~31.1%),indicating room for further improvement.(3)Farms with a stock of more than 4,000 pigs reported a 16.9%lower incidence of behavioral welfare problems(P<0.05)and showed increased adoption of welfare-friendly practices such as kind treatment and feed withdrawal prior to slaughter by 14.4% and 20.3%,respectively(P<0.05).(4)Farms with a labor quota exceeding 800 pigs demonstrated an 17.8% higher adoption rate of feed withdrawal measures before slaughter(P<0.05).(5)Northern farms exhibited a 17.5% and 21.0% reduction in behavioral welfare issues and tail/barnacle biting behaviors,respectively,compared to southern farms(P<0.05 or P<0.01).In summary,emphasizing animal welfare,addressing behavioral issues,reducing tail/barnacle biting,strengthening health monitoring,implementing feed withdrawal before slaughter,and providing environmental enrichment have considerable potential to improve the welfare of growing and fattening pigs.These effects may also be influenced by farm-scale factors,such as stocking density.
作者
施睿佳
顾宪红
SHI Ruijia;GU Xianhong(Institute of Animal Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,Beijing 100081,China)
出处
《家畜生态学报》
北大核心
2025年第8期52-60,共9页
Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology
基金
中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(ASTIP-IAS07)。
关键词
生长肥育猪
动物福利问题
环境丰容
异常行为
福利改善措施
growing and fattening pigs
animal welfare issues
environmental enrichment
abnormal behavior
welfare improvement measures
