摘要
试验旨在探究产犊季节、泌乳天数及胎次对天津地区奶牛生产性能的影响。统计分析了2022年12月至2024年11月天津地区3个规模化牧场的132541条奶牛生产性能测定技术(DHI)数据。结果显示,春季产犊奶牛产奶量最佳,秋季产犊奶牛的乳脂率、脂蛋比、持续力及群内级别指数(WHI)最佳。泌乳天数在31~100 d时,产奶量达到峰值;在101~200 d时,尿素氮和WHI达到峰值,乳脂率、脂蛋比和体细胞数均最低。第3胎奶牛乳脂率和乳蛋白率最高,第7胎脂蛋比和体细胞数最高。不同产犊季节、泌乳天数和胎次的相关性分析结果表明,产奶量与乳脂率、乳蛋白率、脂蛋比和体细胞数均显著呈负相关(P<0.05),与持续力和WHI呈显著正相关(P<0.05);乳脂率与乳蛋白率、脂蛋比呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。研究表明,天津地区奶牛的生产性能受产犊季节、泌乳天数及胎次的显著影响,未来可增加第2~5胎次奶牛在秋季产犊的比例,并优化饲料配方以提高奶牛的生产性能,同时加强冬季牛舍保温,以提高冬季产犊奶牛的产奶量,降低奶牛患乳腺炎的风险。
The experiment aimed to investigate the effects of calving season,lactation days,and parity on the dairy cow performance in Tianjin.A total of 132541 Dairy Herd Improvement(DHI)records from three large-scale dairy farms in Tianjin,covering the period from December 2022 to November 2024,were statistically analyzed.The results showed that cows calving in the spring exhibited the highest milk yield,while cows calving in the autumn had the highest milk fat percentage,fat-to-protein ratio,persistency and within herd index(WHI).Milk yield peaked during lactation days 31 to 100,while urea nitrogen and WHI were the highest between 101 to 200 days,but the milk fat percentage,fat-to-protein ratio,and somatic cell count were the lowest during this period.Cows in their third lactation had the highest milk fat percentage and milk protein percentage,while cows in their seventh lactation had the highest fat-to-protein ratio and somatic cell count.The correlation analysis results of different calving seasons,lactation days and parity showed that milk yield was significantly negatively correlated with milk fat percentage,milk protein percentage,fat-to-protein ratio and somatic cell count(P<0.05),and significantly positively correlated with persistency and WHI(P<0.05).Milk fat percentage showed a significant positive correlation with milk protein percentage and fat-to-protein ratio(P<0.05).The study indicates that the production performance of dairy cows in Tianjin is significantly influenced by the calving season,lactation days,and the parity.In the future,the proportion of the second to fifth parity cows giving birth in autumn could be increased,and the feed formula could be optimized to enhance the production performance of dairy cows.At the same time,measures should be taken to improve the insulation of the cowshed in winter to increase the milk production of dairy cows giving birth in winter and reduce the risk of mastitis in dairy cows.
作者
李双双
陈丽丽
杨升
马毅
韩波
王洋
LI Shuangshuang;CHEN Lili;YANG Sheng;MA Yi;HAN Bo;WANG Yang
出处
《饲料研究》
北大核心
2025年第14期107-112,共6页
Feed Research
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(项目编号:CARS-36)
天津市农业科学院种业自主创新专项(项目编号:2024ZYCX012)。
关键词
奶牛
产犊季节
泌乳天数
胎次
生产性能
dairy cow
calving season
lactation days
parity
production performance
