摘要
在当今全球公共卫生领域,疫苗作为预防和控制传染病的关键手段,其研发和生产技术的创新备受瞩目。植物源疫苗作为一种新兴的疫苗生产技术,凭借其独特的优势逐渐崭露头角。与传统疫苗生产方式相比,植物源疫苗具有显著优势,在分子生物学技术的加持下,能够在较短时间内实现大规模生产,有效应对传染病的大规模爆发。本文首先介绍了植物源疫苗的基本概念,阐述了植物源疫苗的发展历程,同时对植物源疫苗的不同分类方法进行了系统梳理,此外还探讨了植物源疫苗的表达平台和表达体系,比较了不同平台和体系如稳定表达和瞬时表达体系的优缺点,总结了提高疫苗效力和安全性的策略和优化方法,系统探讨了国内外植物源疫苗的开发进展。植物源疫苗作为一种具有巨大潜力的新兴疫苗技术,有望在未来的公共卫生事业中发挥更加重要的作用。
Plant-derived vaccines represent an innovative vaccine production technology that employs plants as bioreactors to express specific antigenic proteins within the plant system.This technology has demonstrated tremendous potential and application prospects in the field of vaccines in recent years.Compared to traditional vaccine production methods,plant-derived vaccines offer distinct advantages in cost control,scalability,and safety.Firstly,the production cost of plant-derived vaccines is relatively low.This is due to the short growth cycle of plants,their strong reproductive capacity,and the lack of need for complex bioreactors or expensive culture media.This makes the large-scale production of vaccines more economical and efficient.Secondly,plant-derived vaccines are easy to scale up.Due to the renewable nature and rapid growth characteristics of plants,they can quickly respond to large-scale vaccine demands, which is particularly important in dealing with public health emergencies. In addition, there is no risk of contamination in the production process of plant-derived vaccines that is typically associated with traditional vaccine production. Plant cells possess inherent biosafety, which can effectively avoid contamination from animal-derived pathogens and endotoxins, thus ensuring the safety of the vaccine. Plants can perform post-translational modifications on foreign proteins, a characteristic that is conducive to the formation of virus-like particles (VLPs). VLPs are non infectious particles that structurally resemble viruses;they can mimic the immunogenicity of viruses, stimulating the body to produce an immune response. However, they lack the ability to replicate, which makes them safer . This article first introduces the basic concept of plant-derived vaccines by using plants as vectors to express antigenic proteins. Then, the article emphasizes the important role of plant-derived vaccines in the field of global public health and epidemic prevention, especially in providing rapid, economical, and safe vaccines. The article then details the development history of plant-derived vaccines, from early exploration to modern commercial applications. At the same time, the article provides a comprehensive description of the different classifications, expression platforms, and expression systems of plant-derived vaccines, covering various technological pathways from genetically engineered plants to plant viral expression vectors. The analysis focused on how vaccine optimization and application enhance the expression and immunogenicity of antigenic proteins through gene editing and protein engineering, as well as how to improve the efficacy and stability of vaccines by optimizing their formulation and adjuvants. Furthermore, current cases of developed plant-derived vaccines were analyzed, especially their application advantages in addressing human and animal diseases. These cases demonstrate the potential of plant-derived vaccines in rapidly responding to epidemics, reducing costs, and improving accessibility. Finally, the article discusses and summarizes the development progress of plant-derived vaccines domestically and internationally, providing references and insights for the research and application of plant-derived vaccines in our country. Through these analyses, the article aims to promote the development of plant-derived vaccine technology and contribute to global public health security.
作者
宋心雨
潘炜松
吴泰茹
潘家豪
吴川
李伟展
SONG Xinyu;PAN Weisong;WU Tairu;PAN Jiahao;WU Chuan;LI Waichin(School of Bioscience and Biotechnology,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410125,Hunan,China;Hunan Novomore Biotechnology Corporation,Changsha 410001,Hunan,China;School of Metallurgical and Environmental Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,Hunan,China;Department of Science and Environmental Studies,The Education University of Hong Kong,Hongkong 999077,China)
出处
《合成生物学》
北大核心
2025年第4期846-872,共27页
Synthetic Biology Journal
基金
国家自然科学基金(31670955)。
关键词
植物源疫苗
病毒样颗粒
分子生物学
免疫原性
瞬时表达系统
plant-derived vaccines
virus-like particles
molecular biology
immunogenicity
transient expression system
