摘要
采用ABAQUS有限元软件对6061铝合金气瓶喷淋淬火过程进行了仿真。在原模型基础上,考虑了工件大小和相邻喷淋区域相互叠加的因素,得到了不同喷淋淬火工艺参数(喷淋压力、喷嘴形状、喷淋角度、喷淋距离)下的温度场模拟结果。模拟结果表明,气瓶厚度方向温度场是非均匀的,且瓶体厚度每增加1 mm,冷却速率降低20℃/s,因此在气瓶不同位置应采用不同的喷淋条件。此外,发现瓶体的残余应力与瓶身长度关联较小,在瓶口与瓶身的拐角处存在高达246 MPa的残余应力。基于材料成分、固溶工艺参数和时效工艺参数计算得到气瓶的抗拉强度,并和试验结果进行了对比,吻合度较高,说明该仿真分析可用于气瓶淬火工艺的指导。喷淋压力越大,气瓶最终温度越低且气瓶不同位置温差越小;较扁嘴线状喷嘴,采用椭圆形喷嘴的温度均匀性更好;喷淋角度较大(60°)时,喷淋面较为均匀,重叠区域间隙较小;喷淋距离越小,喷淋均匀性越差。
Spray quenching process of 6061 aluminum alloy gas cylinder was simulated by using ABAQUS finite element software.Based on the existing model and considering the size of the workpiece as well as the superposition of adjacent spray areas,the temperature field simulation results were obtained under various spray quenching process parameters,including spray pressure,nozzle shape,spray angle,and spray distance.The simulation results indicate that the temperature field in the thickness direction of the cylinder is non-uniform,with the cooling rate decreasing by 20℃/s for every 1 mm increase in the cylinder s thickness.Therefore,different spray conditions should be employed at various positions along the cylinder.In addition,it is found that the residual stress of the cylinder body is less related to the length of the cylinder body,and there is a residual stress of up to 246 MPa at the corner of the cylinder mouth and the cylinder body.Based on the material composition,solid solution process parameters,and aging process parameters,the strength of the gas cylinder is calculated and compared with the experimental results.The degree of agreement is high,indicating that the simulation analysis can be used to guide the quenching process of the gas cylinder.The higher the spray pressure is,the lower the final temperature of the cylinder and the smaller the temperature difference at different positions of the cylinder.Compared with the flat nozzle linear nozzle,the temperature uniformity of the elliptical nozzle is better.When the spray angle is larger(60°),the spray surface is more uniform and the gap between the overlapping areas is smaller.The smaller the spray distance,the worse the spray uniformity.
作者
龙振宇
邓小虎
陈睿博
杜纪柱
马永明
马元浩
修永帅
肖枫
Long Zhenyu;Deng Xiaohu;Chen Ruibo;Du Jizhu;Ma Yongming;Ma Yuanhao;Xiu Yongshuai;Xiao Feng(Tianjin Key Laboratory of High-Performance Precision Forming Manufacturing Technology and Equipment,Tianjin University of Technology and Education,Tianjin 300222,China;Ningbo Intelligent Machine Tool Research Institute Co.,Ltd.of China National Machinery Institute Group,Ningbo Zhejiang 315700,China;Weichai Power Co.,Ltd.,Weifang Shandong 261061,China;HiSmart(Suzhou)Material Technology Co.,Ltd.,Suzhou Jiangsu 430048,China)
出处
《金属热处理》
北大核心
2025年第8期264-271,共8页
Heat Treatment of Metals
基金
江苏省产学研合作项目(FZ20220658)。
关键词
6061铝合金
气瓶
喷淋淬火
数值计算
温度场
6061 aluminum alloy
gas cylinder
spray quenching
numerical calculation
temperature field
