摘要
【目的】探明缓控释肥减量基施对西瓜生长及肥料利用率的影响,为西瓜专用缓控释肥的筛选、组配及水肥管理提供参考。【方法】以西瓜品种迁丽4号为供试材料,设置常规速效肥料(T1)、脲甲醛尿素+树脂包衣硫酸钾(T2)、硫包衣尿素+树脂包衣硫酸钾(T3)、树脂包衣尿素+树脂包衣硫酸钾(T4)4种处理,以不施肥为对照(CK),分析不同肥料处理对西瓜干物质积累量、氮吸收量、钾吸收量、产量、肥料利用率以及土壤养分含量和酶活性的影响。【结果】缓控释肥减量基施能够显著提高西瓜的干物质积累量,膨果期T4处理的干物质积累量为276.8 g/株,较T1处理和CK分别提高24.7%和75.0%;膨果期T4处理的氮、钾吸收量分别为6.0、6.9 g/株,较T1处理分别提高40.8%和54.7%。T4处理产量较T1处理增加27.2%,氮、钾肥利用率较T1处理分别提高265.9%和139.2%。在土壤质量方面,各施肥处理间土壤速效磷含量差异不显著(P>0.05);T4处理显著提高了土壤的有机质、速效氮和速效钾含量(P<0.05),相较于T1处理分别提高27.1%、30.8%和46.9%;4种肥料处理的土壤蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性无显著差异(P>0.05),但均显著高于CK(P<0.05);T2处理和CK的土壤脲酶活性低于其他处理。【结论】缓控释肥减量基施对西瓜生长、产量、肥料利用率以及土壤质量具有积极影响,树脂包衣尿素+树脂包衣硫酸钾处理肥效和土壤改良效果较好。
[Objective]To investigate the effects of reduced basal application of controlled-release fertilizers on watermelon growth and ferilizer use efficiency,providing a reference for the selection,formulation,and water-fertilizer management of watermelon-specific controlled-release fertilizers.[Methods]Using the watermelon variety Qianli No.4 as the test material,four treatments were established:conventional quick-release fertilizer(T1),urea-formaldehyde+resin-coated potassium sulfate(T2),sulfur-coated urea+resin-coated potassium sulfate(T3),and resin-coated urea+resin-coated potassium sulfate(T4),with a no-fertilizer control(CK).The effects of these treatments on dry matter accumulation,nitrogen uptake,potassium uptake,yield,fertilizer use efficiency of watermelon,and soil nutrient contents and enzyme activities were analyzed.[Results]Reduced basal application of controlled-release fertilizers significantly enhanced watermelon dry matter accumulation.At the fruit expanding stage,T4 treatment resulted in a dry matter accumulation of 276.8 g/plant,representing increases of 24.7%and 75.0%compared to T1 treatment and CK,respectively.Nitrogen and potassium uptake under T4 treatment at the same stage were 6.0 and 6.9 g/plant,respectively,showing increases of 40.8%and 54.7%compared to T1 treatment.Yield under T4 treatment was 27.2%higher than T1 treatment,and nitrogen and potassium use efficiencies were improved by 265.9%and 139.2%,respectively.Regarding soil quality,no significant dfferences in available phosphorus content were observed among fertilizer treatments(P>0.05).However,T4 treatment significantly increased soil organic matter,available nitrogen,and available potassium contents by 27.1%,30.8%,and 46.9%,respectively,compared to T1 treatment(P<0.05).Soil sucrase and catalase activities showed no significant differences among the four fertilizer treatments(P>0.05)but were significantly higher than CK(P<0.05).Soil urease activity in T2 treatment and CK was lower than in other treatments.[Conclusion]Reduced basal application of controlled-release fertilizers have positive effects on watermelon growth,yield,fertilizer use efficiency,and soil quality.The combination of resin-coated urea+resin-coated potassium sulfate(T4)demonstrate superior fertilizer efficacy and soil improvement effects.
作者
杨年福
吴绍军
孟佳丽
沈虹
余翔
YANG Nianfu;WU Shaojun;MENG Jiali;SHEN Hong;YU Xiang(Suqian Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Suqian 223800,China)
出处
《北方农业学报》
2025年第2期66-74,共9页
Journal of Northern Agriculture
基金
江苏省农业科技自主创新基金项目[CX(22)3164]
江苏省青年科技人才托举工程项目(JSTJ-2024-652)。
关键词
西瓜
缓控释肥
减量基施
生长
产量
肥料利用率
土壤质量
Watermelon
Controlled-release fertilizer
Reduced basal application
Growth
Yield
Fertilizer use efficiency
Soil quality
