摘要
本试验旨在研究包被叶酸(CFA)和棕榈脂肪粉(PFP)对围产期奶牛泌乳性能、血液指标和肝脏脂质代谢的影响。选取胎次、体重、上一泌乳期产奶量和预产期相近的荷斯坦奶牛32头,按随机区组设计分为4组,每组8头牛。对照组(CON组)饲喂基础饲粮,CFA组、PFP组和CFA+PFP组分别补充6.75 g/d CFA、500 g/d PFP和6.75 g/d CFA+500 g/d PFP。奶牛产前42 d进入试验,产后21 d试验结束。结果表明:1)补充CFA后奶牛产前体重变化(BWC,增加),实际乳、4%乳脂校正乳(FCM)、乳脂和乳蛋白产量,乳总4~15碳脂肪酸含量和饲料效率(FE)均显著高于CON组(P <0.05);产前和产后血清非酯化脂肪酸(NEFA)和β-羟丁酸(BHBA)含量以及产后肝脏总脂和甘油三酯(TG)含量显著低于CON组(P<0.05)。2)补充PFP后奶牛产前BWC(增加),实际乳、4%FCM和乳脂产量,乳总16碳脂肪酸含量和FE显著高于CON组(P<0.05)。3)CFA与PFP对奶牛BWC、泌乳性能、血液指标和肝脏脂质含量均无显著互作效应(P> 0.05)。4)产后21 d肝脏组织转录组测序表明,CFA组脂肪酸合成酶(FASN)、硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶1(SCD1)和固醇调节元件结合蛋白-1c(SREBP-1c)表达量显著高于CON组(P<0.05),类视黄醇X受体γ(RXRγ)、脂肪酸转位酶(CD36)、载脂蛋白A1(APOA1)、3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A合成酶2(HMGCS2)和脂联素受体2(ADIPOR2)表达量显著低于CON组(P<0.05);PFP组FASN表达量显著高于CON组(P<0.05),RXRγ、长链脂酰辅酶合成酶4(ACSL4)和CD36表达量显著低于CON组(P<0.05);CFA+PFP组FASN、CD36和SCD1表达量显著高于CON组(P<0.05),RXRγ、APOA1和甘油激酶(GK)表达量显著低于CON组(P<0.05)。由此可见,奶牛围产期补充CFA或PFP均能改善泌乳性能,且CFA降低了肝脏脂质含量;CFA调控肝脏脂质代谢的关键通路和基因为单磷酸腺苷活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)信号通路和CD36,PFP为PPAR信号通路和ACSL1、CD36;不推荐CFA和PFP联合补充。
The study evaluated the effects of coated folic acid(CFA)and palm fat powder(PFP)on lactation performance,blood indices and liver lipid metabolism of perinatal dairy cows.Thirty⁃two Holstein cows with similar parity,body weight,milk yield during the previous lactation and expected delivery date were assigned in a randomized block design to 4 groups with 8 cows in each group.Cows in the control group(CON group)were fed a basal diet,and those in CFA group,PFP group and CFA+PFP group were fed the basal diet supple⁃mented with 6.75 g/d CFA,500 g/d PFP and 6.75 g/d CFA+500 g/d PFP,respectively.The experiment pe⁃riod was from 42 days of prepartum to 21 days of postpartum.The results showed as follows:1)compared with CON group,the body weight change(BWC,increased)of cows in prepartum,yields of actual milk,4%fat⁃corrected milk(FCM),milk fat and milk protein,as well as milk total 4 to 15 carbon fatty acid con⁃tent and feed efficiency(FE)were significantly greater after CFA supplementation(P<0.05);the serum con⁃tents of non⁃esterified fatty acid(NEFA)andβ⁃hydroxybutyric acid(BHBA)in both prepartum and postpar⁃tum and the liver contents of total lipid and triglyceride(TG)in postpartum were significantly lower(P<0.05).2)Compared with CON group,the BWC(increased)of cows in prepartum,yields of actual milk,4%FCM and milk fat,as well as total 16 carbon fatty acid content and FE were significantly greater after PFP supplementation(P<0.05).3)The interaction between CFA and PFP was not significant on BWC,lactation performance,blood indices and liver lipid content(P>0.05).4)The results of transcriptome sequencing of liver tissues on day 21 of postpartum showed that the expressions of fatty acid synthase(FASN),stearoyl⁃CoA desaturase 1(SCD1)and sterol regulatory element⁃binding protein⁃1c(SREBP⁃1c)of cows in CFA group were significantly greater compared with CON control(P<0.05),and the expressions of retinoid X receptor gamma(RXRγ),fatty acid translocase(CD36),apolipoprotein A1(APOA1),3⁃hydroxy⁃3⁃methylglutaryl⁃CoA synthase 2(HMGCS2)and adiponectin receptor 2(ADIPOR2)were significantly lower(P<0.05);the FASN expression in PFP group was significantly greater compared with CON control(P<0.05),and the ex⁃pressions of RXRγ,long⁃chain acyl⁃CoA synthetase 4(ACSL4)and CD36 were significantly lower(P<0.05);the expressions of FASN,CD36 and SCD1 in CFA+PFP group were significantly greater compared with CON control(P<0.05),and the expressions RXRγ,APOA1 and glycerol kinase(GK)were significant⁃ly lower(P<0.05).In conclusion,the supplementation of CFA or PFP can improve the lactation performance of perinatal dairy cows,and the supplementation of CFA can decrease the liver lipid content;the regulation of CFA on liver lipid metabolism is via AMPK signaling pathway and CD36,and PFP is via PPAR signaling path⁃way and ACSL1 and CD36;however,the supplementation of CFA and PFP together is not recommended.
作者
韩晨辉
张玉杰
刘泽锋
霍文婕
郭刚
刘强
王聪
HAN Chenhui;ZHANG Yujie;LIU Zefeng;HUO Wenjie;GUO Gang;LIU Qiang;WANG Cong(College of Animal Science,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
北大核心
2025年第8期5279-5291,共13页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
国家自然科学基金:项目(32272824)
中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(YDZJSX2022A039)
山西省现代农业牛产业技术体系建设项目(2025CYJSTX13)。
关键词
包被叶酸
棕榈脂肪粉
泌乳性能
肝脏脂质代谢
围产期奶牛
coated folic acid
palm fat powder
lactation performance
liver lipid metabolism
perinatal dairy cows
