摘要
采用拌料和喷雾两种施用方式,研究除虫脲、呋虫胺、高效氯氰菊酯和氯虫苯甲酰胺这4种杀虫剂对秀珍菇和毛木耳菌丝和子实体生长的影响,并使用液相色谱-质谱联用法和气相色谱法对其残留情况进行分析。结果表明,1 000 mg·L^(-1)的氯虫苯甲酰胺拌料处理对秀珍菇菌丝生长的抑制率最高,显著(p<0.05)高于其他处理;1 000 mg·L^(-1)的氯虫苯甲酰胺或高效氯氰菊酯拌料处理对毛木耳菌丝生长的抑制率最高,显著高于其他处理。当采用拌料处理时:100 mg·L^(-1)的高效氯氰菊酯处理对秀珍菇子实体产量的影响最小,第一潮菇的生物转化率在48%以上;100 mg·L^(-1)呋虫胺处理对毛木耳子实体产量的影响最小,第一潮菇的生物转化率在64%以上。当采用喷雾处理时:呋虫胺处理对秀珍菇的产量均无显著影响,第一潮菇的生物转化率在47%以上;100 mg·L^(-1)呋虫胺和高效氯氰菊酯处理对毛木耳产量的影响最小,第一潮菇的生物转化率在64%以上。用100~500 mg·L^(-1)的高效氯氰菊酯、氯虫苯甲酰胺拌料处理时,秀珍菇和毛木耳的子实体中的农药残留量低于检出限(0.01 mg·kg-1)。当使用100~1 000 mg·L^(-1)的上述4种杀虫剂进行喷雾处理时,秀珍菇子实体中的农药残留量均在最大残留限量许可范围内;当使用100 mg·L^(-1)的上述4种杀虫剂进行喷雾处理时,毛木耳子实体中的农药残留量在最大残留限量许可范围内。兼顾食品安全和病害防治:在秀珍菇上,可选用100~1 000 mg·L^(-1)的呋虫胺进行喷洒处理或用100~500 mg·L^(-1)的高效氯氰菊酯进行拌料处理;在毛木耳上,可使用100 mg·L^(-1)的呋虫胺、高效氯氰菊酯进行喷雾处理或用100~500 mg·L^(-1)的呋虫胺进行拌料处理。
To investigate the effects of four insecticides(diflubenzuron,dinotefuran,beta-cypermethrin and chlorantraniliprole)on the mycelia growth and fruiting body development of Pleurotus pulmonarius and Auricularia cornea,two application methods(substrate mixing and spraying)were employed.Residue analysis was also conducted by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)and gas chromatography(GC).It was shown that the substrate mixing with 1000 mg·L^(-1)chlorantraniliprole exhibited the highest inhibition rate on mycelia growth of P.pulmonarius,which was significantly(p<0.05)higher than the other treatments.The substrate mixing with 1000 mg·L^(-1)beta-cypermethrin and chlorantraniliprole exhibited the highest inhibition rate on mycelia growth of A.polytricha,which was significantly higher than the other treatments.Under substrate mixing:100 mg·L^(-1)beta-cypermethrin exhibited the least impact on the yield of P.pulmonarius fruiting body,with a bioconversion rate exceeding 48%for the first flush;100 mg·L^(-1)dinotefuran showed the least impact on the yield of A.cornea fruiting body with a bioconversion rate over 64%.Under insecticides spraying:dinotefuran caused no significant yield reduction in P.pulmonarius fruiting body,with bioconversion rates above 47%;100 mg·L^(-1)dinotefuran and beta-cypermethrin demonstrated the minimal effect on the yield of A.cornea fruiting body,with bioconversion rates exceeding 64%.Insecticides residue content in fruiting body of P.pulmonarius and A.cornea was below the detection limit(0.01 mg·kg-1)with 100,500 mg·L^(-1)beta-cypermethrin or chlorantraniliprole via substrate mixing.For insecticides spraying,the insecticides residue content in fruiting body of P.pulmonarius was within the maximum residue limits(MRLs)for the 4 insecticides at 100-1000 mg·L^(-1).However,only when these insecticides were sprayed at 100 mg·L^(-1),the insecticides residue content in A.cornea fruiting body was within MRLs.Given the food security and disease control:spraying of 100-1000 mg·L^(-1)dinotefuran or substrate mixing with 100-500 mg·L^(-1)beta-cypermethrin was optimal for P.pulmonarius;sparying of 100 mg·L^(-1)dinotefuran,beta-cypermethrin or substrate mixing with 100-500 mg·L^(-1)dinotefuran was acceptable for A.cornea.
作者
张智颖
邱琴
侯立娟
徐平
蒋宁
林金盛
李辉平
曲绍轩
马林
王伟霞
李福后
ZHANG Zhiying;QIU Qin;HOU Lijuan;XU Ping;JIANG Ning;LIN Jinsheng;LI Huiping;QU Shaoxuan;MA Lin;WANG Weixia;LI Fuhou(Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement,Institute of Vegetable Crop,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China;Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment in Jiangsu Province,School of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering,Jiangsu Ocean University,Lianyungang 222005,Jiangsu,China)
出处
《浙江农业学报》
北大核心
2025年第8期1733-1742,共10页
Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis
基金
国家食用菌产业技术体系(CARS-20)
江苏省亚夫科技服务项目[KF(24)1103]。
关键词
杀虫剂
秀珍菇
毛木耳
菌丝
产量
安全性
insecticide
Pleurotus pulmonarius
Auricularia cornea
mycelium
yield
safety
