摘要
黄宗羲在《孟子师说》中诠释了孟子的民本思想,以气一元论与心性学的双重哲学理念重构了传统君民关系。一方面,他主张“天地间一气充周”,提出了以仁义之道为基础的宇宙论与历史演化论,从“气化流行”的本体论层面消解了君权的神圣性,民来自天,君听命于民、服从民意是为必然;另一方面,他融合阳明心学与孟子心性论,主张理、气、心、性合一,重构孟子“民贵君轻”说的本体论基础。《明夷待访录》从学校、宰相、君臣共治等制度层面勾勒了以民为本的政治蓝图;《孟子师说》诠释了三代之治,重构了君民关系,并结合气化本体论与心学工夫论,使传统民本观获得了形而上学的理论基础。黄宗羲的民本思想具有系统性,实现了从制度设计到形而上建构的理论飞跃,为当代政治哲学提供了重要的理论资源。
In Exposition on Mencius,Huang Zongxi interpreted Mencius’thought of people-centered governance and reconstructed the traditional monarch-people relationship through the dual philosophical concepts of qi monism and mind-nature theory.On the one hand,he advocated that“the whole universe is pervaded by a single qi”,proposing a cosmology and theory of historical evolution based on the way of benevolence and righteousness.From the ontological perspective of“the transformation and circulation of qi”,he demystified the sacredness of monarchical power,arguing that people originate from heaven,and thus it is inevitable for the monarch to obey the people and their will.On the other hand,by integrating Wang Yangming’s philosophy of mind with Mencius’mind-nature theory,Huang advocates the harmony of principle of li,qi,mind,and nature,thereby reconstructing the ontological foundation of Mencius’doctrine that“the people are paramount and the ruler is secondary”.In Waiting for the Dawn:A Plan for the Prince,Huang outlines a people-centered political blueprint from the institutional perspective involving schools,prime ministers,and joint governance by monarch and ministers.In Exposition on Mencius,by reinterpreting the governance of the three dynasties and reconstructing the monarch-people relationship in combination with qi-based ontology and the practical theory of mind philosophy,Huang endows the traditional view of people-centered governance with a metaphysical foundation.Huang Zongxi’s thought of people-centered governance is systematic,achieving a theoretical leap from institutional design to metaphysical construction and offering valuable theoretical resources for contemporary political philosophy.
作者
薛娅娜
XUE Yana(College of Political Science and Law,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100089,China)
出处
《宁波大学学报(人文科学版)》
2025年第5期14-25,共12页
Journal of Ningbo University:Liberal Arts Edition
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“儒家思想的超越性与历史性研究”(21BZX078)。
关键词
黄宗羲
民本观
《孟子师说》
《明夷待访录》
Huang Zongxi
view of people-centered governance
Exposition on Mencius
Waiting for the Dawn:A Plan for the Prince
