摘要
以人工智能为代表的新兴技术集合推动着建筑学拥有更多可能性的同时,也带来了一系列挑战。建筑学作为一门兼具自然科学(硬科学)和人文科学(软科学)特征的学科,既要面对当下的变革,包括原有增长路径的重塑、新型设计和研究范式的涌现,又要从内涵和外延方面不断思考学科转型与重构的可能。本文聚焦建筑主体性转向、建筑目标体系重构、建筑技术体系迭代三大变革,提出建筑学既需要文化层面理论架构的重塑,也需要技术层面研究方法的拓展。
Emerging technologies represented by artificial intelligence are driving new possibilities in architecture while also presenting a series of challenges.Since the mid-20th century,the narrowly defined theory of sustainability,which was originally based on green and ecological principles,has gradually evolved into a multi-objective,collaborative development approach.Under this overarching goal,a range of theoretical frameworks with different perspectives have emerged within the field of architecture.Today,our understanding of architecture must encompass broader issues such as the relationship between buildings,environment,climate,and ecosystems.Meanwhile,artificial intelligence,represented by deep learning,is accelerating its integration with the discipline.When traditional disciplinary paradigms struggle to address the bottlenecks posed by multiple variables and high computational complexity,AI-driven scientific research can effectively resolve the issues of data scale and computational dimensions faced by contemporary research,followed by the transformation of traditional research methods and modes of understanding.In summary,architecture is facing multiple challenges:the natural carrying capacity is nearing its limits,and the slowdown in urbanization has led many countries,including China,into a"post-growth era".Any epistemological crisis in a given stage is deeply intertwined with the transformation of the discipline.With the emergence of the aforementioned challenges,the knowledge landscape of architecture has been significantly expanded and can be summarised.The subjectivity of architecture is shifting from a single human-centric perspective to a life community transcending species boundaries.The construction scenarios of architecture are expanding from conventional environments to extreme environments.The architectural technology system is transitioning from traditional construction techniques to the integrated application of digital and intelligent technology clusters.These trends suggest the potential for future transformation and reconstruction of the architectural discipline.Among these,the turn in architectural subjectivity refers to the inevitable transition when architecture begins to confront new challenges,such as the redefinition of the body and space,the integration of virtual and real worlds,and considerations of sustainable life cycles.This transition represents a paradigm shift from a human-centered to a symbiotic system.Here,symbiotic systems refer to life communities that transcend species,encompassing both organic entities such as humans,animals,plants,and microorganisms,as well as symbiotic entities represented by cyborg and brain-computer interfaces,and inorganic entities such as computers,robots,and embodied intelligent architectures.Construction methods such as automated construction and robotic construction,have significantly increased productivity.For example,using new materials to meet the demands of low-carbon technology,along with comprehensive optimization of building structures and performance,has made lightweight production and climate-responsive design possible.Under the goal of sustainable development,architecture is facing dual iterations of its physical and digital building technology systems,with both design and construction paradigms transforming.As a discipline that combines the characteristics of both natural sciences("hard sciences")and humanities("soft sciences"),architecture must not only address current transformations,including the restructuring of existing growth pathways and the emergence of new design or research paradigms,but also continuously explore the possibilities of disciplinary transformation and reconstruction from both its core and peripheral dimensions.This paper proposes that architecture necessitates both the reconfiguration of theoretical frameworks at the cultural level and the expansion of research methods at the technological level.
作者
李翔宁
周渐佳
Li Xiangning;Zhou Jianjia
出处
《当代建筑》
2025年第4期53-59,共7页
Contemporary Architecture
关键词
认知危机
人工智能
建筑主体性转向
建筑目标体系重构
建筑技术体系迭代
epistemological crisis
artificial intelligence
turn in architectural subjectivity
reconstruction of architectural goal system
iteration of architectural technology system
