摘要
当前,全球气候变化加剧,技术革新迅猛,社会结构深刻转型,建筑学科正面临前所未有的适应性挑战。本期专题聚焦“建筑应变”这一前沿议题,特邀中国工程院院士李兴钢进行深度访谈。李院士从历史维度梳理了建筑应变的理论源流,立足当下分析了建筑学面临的三大变革挑战,并前瞻性地提出了未来建筑发展的应变策略。建筑应变理论作为维特鲁威“坚固、实用、美观”三原则的当代发展,其创新性在于将建筑视为具有生命特征的动态系统。这一理论突破不仅拓展了建筑学的认知维度,更为应对气候变化、技术革新等全球性挑战提供了新思路。在访谈中,李院士特别强调,当代建筑必须实现从“被动防护”到“主动适应”的范式转变,这一观点对推动建筑学科创新发展具有重要启示。通过本次访谈,我们期待能够引发建筑学界对“应变”议题的深入思考,促进跨学科对话与合作,共同探索人居环境可持续发展的创新路径。
Against the backdrop of accelerating global climate change,rapid technological advancement,and profound societal transformation,the field of architecture faces unprecedented adaptive challenges.This paper systematically examines the theoretical foundations,practical applications,and future directions of architectural adaptation theory.As a contemporary reinterpretation of Vitruvius'principles of Firmitas,Utilitas,Venustas(firmness,commodity,and delight),this theory fundamentally reconceptualizes architecture as a dynamic system with organic characteristics,transcending traditional static perceptions and proposing a new"spatiotemporal interface"paradigm.The theoretical framework encompasses three critical dimensions:an epistemological shift from static objects to dynamic systems;a methodological construct of"environmental perception—system response—dynamic equilibrium";and an axiological redefinition emphasizing lifecycle performance evaluation.These dimensions together articulate a paradigm shift toward adaptability,flexibility,and responsiveness across architectural scales.The triple challenges of climate crisis,technological revolution,and shifting humanistic values provide compelling justification for this theoretical approach,collectively driving architectural practice from passive resistance to proactive adaptation.Architectural adaptation is no longer a marginal strategy,but a central operational logic that must be embedded within planning,design,and policy frameworks.Historical precedents and contemporary practices demonstrate that architectural adaptation generates triple value enhancement across environmental,economic,and cultural dimensions:significant carbon reduction through lifecycle management;substantial cost savings via incremental retrofitting;effective preservation of spatial memory through adaptive reuse.Moreover,these practices support social resilience by enabling communities to maintain continuity amid disruption.The integration of scientific methodology and intelligent technologies is reshaping design paradigms,with emerging technological syntheses creating"sensing—decision—response"smart systems that enable dynamic building adjustments.These systems,driven by AI,IoT,and data analytics,allow architecture to evolve in real time,responding to environmental stimuli,user behavior,and energy needs.Adaptationoriented renewal models differ fundamentally from conventional approaches,transitioning from intermittent interventions to continuous adjustments in the temporal dimension,evolving from fixed zoning to elastic networks in spatial organization,developing comprehensive responsive mechanisms in technical systems,and establishing collaborative platforms in participatory models.This transformation also calls for new governance structures and institutional frameworks capable of supporting long-term adaptability.Facing the future,architecture must address three core challenges:climate responsiveness,technological integration,and cultural continuity.Strategic responses include developing adaptive structures,building data platforms,fostering interdisciplinary networks,and formulating dynamic standards to advance architectural adaptability.With ongoing technological progress,architectural adaptation capabilities will continue to evolve,as innovative materials and systems enhance autonomous regulatory functions.This research represents a pivotal disciplinary transformation for our uncertain era,fundamentally achieving symbiotic co-evolution between buildings and their environments through dynamic equilibrium.The study not only expands architecture's theoretical horizons,but also provides innovative solutions for sustainable development.Future progress requires deepened interdisciplinary collaboration to explore new possibilities for human habitat development and to cultivate an architectural culture that embraces uncertainty,diversity,and change as opportunities for design innovation.
出处
《当代建筑》
2025年第4期26-29,共4页
Contemporary Architecture
关键词
建筑应变
动态系统
全生命周期可持续
响应式设计
architectural adaptation
dynamic system
life-cycle sustainability
responsive design
