摘要
孟子“性善论”是儒家道德哲学的核心议题。在以往的研究中,有学者关注“性”的阐释,有学者关注“善”的解读,更有学者进一步梳理了“性”与“善”中间连接的谓语,以补足“性善论”的完整命题。然而,在《孟子》中,还同时存在“性可善”与“性必善”两种看似矛盾的命题,从而实际上构成了有关“性善论”诸多争议的焦点。“性善论”命题实则可诠释为“可以为善”与“应然向善”两层含义,由此既可为“性善论”提供经验方面的说明,又可为“善”提供规范方面的指导。分析“可以为善”与“应然向善”两种命题,并由此重新梳理“孟告之辩”“人禽之辨”和“性命之辨”等重要段落,可以现代哲学语言重构孟子“性善论”,以补足其完整意义,从而为“性善论”的理论优劣势做进一步的澄清与说明。
One of the most important claims made by Mencius is that"human nature is good."In previous studies,some researchers have focused on the interpretation of human nature,while others have paid more attention to the concept of goodness.However,in Mencius texts,there appears to be two distinct claims regarding human nature:one asserts that human nature is capable to be good,and the other seems to insist that human nature is morally destined to be good.At first glance,these two claims seem contradictory.This contradiction has significantly complicated the study of Mencius'theory of human nature.By closely analyzing these two claims,we can gain new insights into several central issues in Mencius'philosophy,such as the debate between Mencius and Gaozi,the distinction between humans and animals,and the differentiation between xing(性,nature)and ming(命,destiny).A comprehensive understanding of Mencius'theory of human nature allows us to better appreciate the strengths and limitations of his moral philosophy.
出处
《孔子研究》
北大核心
2025年第4期110-121,159,共13页
Confucius Studies
关键词
性善论
可以为善
应然向善
孟告之辩
人禽之辨
性命之辨
capable of being good
ought to be good
Mencius's theory of the goodness of human nature
debate between Mencius and Gaozi
the distinction between humans and animals
the differentiation between xing(性,nature)and ming(命,destiny)
