摘要
大量流行病学证据表明,PM_(2.5)长期暴露与呼吸系统、循环系统、神经系统疾病等的发病和死亡存在关联关系.随着源解析技术的快速发展和大气污染精准减排需求的不断增大,不同来源PM_(2.5)的人群健康影响逐步受到关注.本文采用数据库检索和参考文献追溯的方法,系统综述了不同来源PM_(2.5)长期暴露对人群健康影响的文献资料.结果发现,不同来源PM_(2.5)长期暴露对不同健康结局产生影响且存在差异性,其中交通源PM_(2.5)暴露可显著增加心血管疾病发病和死亡风险,而工业源PM_(2.5)暴露更多地与呼吸系统疾病的发病和死亡存在关联.此外,神经系统疾病可能对农业源PM_(2.5)暴露更为敏感.总体来看,目前关于不同来源PM_(2.5)长期暴露的健康效应研究证据相对较少,且结果存在不一致性,未来需要更多更深入的流行病学和生物学机制研究,以全面了解不同来源PM_(2.5)的健康影响,为精准减排提供坚实的科学证据.
Atmospheric fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))is a major environmental risk factor with significant implications for global public health.Long-term exposure to PM_(2.5) has been confirmed to be closely linked to increased morbidity and mortality from respiratory,cardiovascular,and neurological diseases.With the growing demand for precise pollution control and the advancements in source apportionment techniques,the research on the health effect differentials of PM_(2.5) from various sources has gained increasing attention.In this review,we systematically searched the Web of Science,PubMed,CNKI,and Wanfang databases for studies from 2000 to 2024,Assisted by retrospective reference screening,18 epidemiological studies meeting our inclusion criteria were identified.We synthesized the current findings on the health effects of long-term exposure to source-specific PM_(2.5),so as to figure out the emerging trends,methodological challenges,and future research directions.The available evidence suggests substantial variation in the health impacts of PM_(2.5) from different sources.Specifically,PM_(2.5) from transportation is strongly associated with an elevated risk of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases,whereas PM_(2.5) from industry is more closely linked to respiratory diseases.Additionally,PM_(2.5) from agricultural emissions appears to contribute significantly to the risk of neurological disorders,such as dementia,potentially due to its unique chemical composition.Also the health risks of PM_(2.5) from coal combustion and shipping warrant attention as well,particularly their adverse effects on respiratory and cardiovascular health.However,there are still some inconsistencies among the existing studies.These discrepancies may stem from variations in study designs exposure assessment methods,source apportionment techniques or population susceptibility.Methodologically,PM_(2.5) source apportionment primarily relies on receptor-based modeling,source-oriented modeling,and emission inventory approaches,each with distinct strengths and limitations.Receptor modeling is well-suited for regions lacking comprehensive emission inventories but with limited capacity to resolve secondary pollution sources.Source-oriented modeling can effectively simulate the formation of secondary pollution,but it depends on high-resolution data and advanced computational models.As to the emission inventory approach,it can provide accurate assessments of primary sources but struggles to capture complex atmospheric chemical reactions and transformation processes.Therefore,to enhance analytical precision,an integrated approach,which can offer improved resolution in identifying key pollution contributors,has emerged to be a prevailing trend.Despite the significant progress,several challenges persist:(1)the complexity and diversity of PM_(2.5) sources hinder the precise assessments of health risk;(2)accurate long-term exposure assessments remain influenced by data quality,spatial resolution,and interindividual variability;(3)factors including interactions,collinearity,and potential synergistic effects among multiple pollutants make health impact analyses more complicated;(4)the toxicological mechanisms underlying the health effects of source-specific PM_(2.5) have not been fully elucidated,highlighting the need for integrated toxicological and epidemiological investigations.Future research should focus on optimizing exposure assessment methods,integrating high-resolution meteorological data with advanced multi-pollutant measurement techniques,and developing health risk assessment models capable of distinguishing the synergistic effects of multiple pollution sources.Additionally,interdisciplinary collaboration between chemical composition analysis and mechanistic toxicological studies should be strengthened to clarify the specific health impact mechanism of PM_(2.5) from different sources.Also,the integration of multicenter cohort studies with long-term monitoring efforts should be expanded to provide a robust scientific basis for the formulation of targeted emission reduction policies and public health interventions.This review has systematically summarized the current state of research on the health effects of long-term exposure to source-specific PM_(2.5),identified the key knowledge gaps and methodological limitations,and outlined the future research directions.Our findings aim to offer a deeper understanding of PM_(2.5)-related health risks and the development of effective mitigation strategies,so as to contribute to the protection of public health.
作者
王照恩
卢海琼
王晨
杜鹏
李湉湉
Zhaoen Wang;Haiqiong Lu;Chen Wang;Peng Du;Tiantian Li(School of Public Health,Shandong University,Jinan 250012,China;China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health,National Institute of Environmental Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100021,China;National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases,National Institute of Environmental Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100021,China)
出处
《科学通报》
北大核心
2025年第22期3616-3628,共13页
Chinese Science Bulletin
基金
国家自然科学基金(42307550)
能源基金会项目(G-2407-35711)资助。
