摘要
青藏高原太阳能资源丰富但生态脆弱,系统评估其光伏产业园区集中开发下的土地退化过程及其空间效应,有助于促进清洁能源可持续开发与生态保护的协同推进。以青海省的塔拉滩、德令哈和格尔木三大光伏产业园区为例,基于土地退化平衡理论,构建涵盖土地覆被、土地生产力、荒漠化程度及植被动态的综合评估框架,系统解析了园区土地退化过程及其空间效应。结果显示:①三大园区光伏阵列用地优先占用生态状况较优的土地,阵列用地的71.28%来源于基线期恢复状态的土地,显著高于园区基线期恢复状态土地占比(66.64%)。②2000—2022年,三大园区土地退化状态整体以恢复为主;评估期内以光伏开发为主导的人类活动深刻重塑了主要受自然过程调控的基线期土地系统格局,新建阵列周边土地稳定状态及退化状态比例显著增加。③三大园区非阵列区域在基线期与评估期均维持了土地退化平衡,但格尔木与德令哈园区的恢复能力减弱,评估期净恢复比例相较基线期分别下降14.70%和10.81%。④土地退化过程的空间效应呈现显著的距离阈值特征,阵列外围0~400 m范围为土地状态变化核心区。建议构建贯穿选址、建设、运营全生命周期的系统性管理框架,协同推进青藏高原生态系统功能稳固与光伏产业可持续发展。
The Qingzang Plateau,endowed with abundant solar energy resources but constrained by fragile ecosystems,calls for systematic assessments of land degradation processes and their spatial effects under the intensive photovoltaic(PV)development of solar parks,in order to promote the coordinated advancement of sustainable clean energy utilization and ecological conservation.Taking the Tala Shoal,Delingha,and Golmud solar parks in Qinghai Province as case areas,this study develops an integrated evaluation framework grounded in the concept of Land Degradation Neutrality(LDN),incorporating four key land degradation processes—land cover,land productivity,desertification degree,and vegetation dynamics—to systematically analyze the land degradation processes and their spatial effects within the parks.The results show that:(1)In all the three parks,PV arrays were preferentially sited on ecologically better-performing land,with 71.28%of the array area having been converted from land that was in an improvement state during the baseline period—significantly higher than the overall proportion of improvement land in the parks at that time(66.64%).(2)From 2000 to 2022,the land states in the three major parks were predominantly characterized by improvement.During the evaluation period,human activities dominated by PV development significantly altered the land system patterns that had previously been primarily regulated by natural processes during the baseline period,and the proportions of stable and degraded land states around the newly constructed PV arrays increased notably.(3)All the three parks achieved the LDN target in non-array areas during the baseline and evaluation periods.However,the capacity for land improvement declined in Golmud Park and Delingha Park,with the proportion of net improvement during the evaluation period decreasing by 14.70%and 10.81%,respectively,compared to the baseline period.(4)The spatial effect of the land degradation process presents significant distance threshold characteristics,with the range of 0-400 m at the periphery of the array as the core area of land status change.It is recommended to establish a systematic management framework that spans the entire lifecycle of site selection,construction,and operation,with the goal of jointly advancing the stabilization of ecosystem functions on the Qingzang Plateau and the sustainable development of the PV industry.
作者
魏佳荣
周侃
张健
WEI Jiarong;ZHOU Kan;ZHANG Jian(Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)
出处
《地理研究》
北大核心
2025年第8期2057-2079,共23页
Geographical Research
基金
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0401)
国家自然科学基金项目(42371182)。
关键词
光伏产业园区
土地退化平衡
空间效应
青藏高原
solar parks
land degradation neutrality
spatial effects
Qingzang Plateau
