摘要
【目的】探讨不同城市居住区绿地植物群落结构与多样性的差异特征,以期为城市绿地生态功能的优化提供科学依据。【方法】选取我国北方不同气候区6个典型城市(北京、西安、青岛、沈阳、迁安、西宁)39个不同类型居住区783块绿地开展样地调查,通过计算物种重要值、植物多样性指数,定量解析城市各类型居住区绿地植物的物种组成、结构与植物多样性特征。【结果】(1)所调查城市居住区绿地植物共756种,隶属于108科378属,其中沿海城市青岛植物种类数最多(327种),内陆城市北京、西宁植物种类数相对较少(分别为182、226种),北京乡土树种占比最高(95.24%),沈阳入侵物种占比最高(3.61%)。(2)草本植物是东西部城市居住区绿地的主导植物,中部城市则以乔木和灌木为主。植物群落结构以“乔”“灌”“草”单一生活型为主(占比68.9%)。(3)北方城市绿地植物多样性呈现乔木层>草本层>灌木层的规律。西宁与其他城市植物群落Jaccard距离最大(均值0.8861),北京最小(均值0.8379),草本层对空间与环境异质性的响应最为敏感。与自然因素相比,社会经济因素(居住区面积、城市人均GDP和居住区建成时间)对居住区植物多样性影响更大。【结论】我国北方调查城市居住区绿地植物群落结构配置丰富,但优势种类群以“乔”“灌”“草”单一生活型配置为主。植物多样性从西向东逐渐增大,主要受社会经济因素影响。
[Objective]This paper investigates the characterization of plant community structure and diversity in urban communities from different climatic zones in northern China,aiming to provide a scientific basis for the configuration and management of green space vegetation in these areas.[Method]Sample surveys were conducted in 765 green spaces of 39 residential areas from six typical cities(Beijing,Xi’an,Qingdao,Shenyang,Qian’an,Xining)in northern China.The species importance value and plant diversity index were calculated to quantitatively analyze the species composition,structural characteristics,and plant diversity of community green spaces from different zones.[Result](1)there were 756 plant species,belonging to 108 families and 378 genera in the investigated residential areas.Qingdao,a coastal city,had the most plant species of 327,while the plant species of inland cities,such as Beijing and Xining with 182 and 226 plants,respectively,were relatively small.(2)The importance value of herbaceous plants in the community green space of eastern and western cities was higher than central cities,while trees and shrubs had higher importance value in the central cities.The most common dominant species of the surveyed areas were single type of‘tree’,‘shrub’and‘grass’,accounting for 68.9%of total community green space.(3)In terms of life-form stratification,plant diversity followed the pattern of tree layer>herbaceous layer>shrub layer.The Jaccard distance indicated that Xining’s plant communities were the most distinct from those of other cities(0.8861),while Beijing showed the highest similarity(0.8379),the herb layer was the most sensitive to spatial and environmental heterogeneity.Compared with natural factors,socioeconomic variables(including residential area size,per capita GDP,and construction year of residential areas)exerted a stronger influence on plant diversity.[Conclusion]The investigated urban residential areas in northern China exhibit rich configurations in plant community structure within green spaces,yet the dominant species groups are primarily characterized by a single life form arrangement of“trees”,“shrubs”,and“grasses”.Additionally,plant diversity gradually increases from west to east,primarily influenced by socio-economic factors.
作者
李硕涵
范俊涛
孙然好
张文龙
张帆
石婧仪
高瑞阳
张守红
Li Shuohan;Fan Juntao;Sun Ranhao;Zhang Wenlong;Zhang Fan;Shi Jingyi;Gao Ruiyang;Zhang Shouhong(School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;Hubei Water Resources Research Institute,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China;Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China;Jixian National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station,CNERN,Beijing 100083,China;Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《北京林业大学学报》
北大核心
2025年第8期111-123,共13页
Journal of Beijing Forestry University
基金
国家重点研发计划(2022YFF1303101)。
关键词
北方城市
居住区
植物群落结构
植物多样性
northern cities
residential areas
plant community structure
plant diversity
