摘要
[目的]为明确不同林龄樟子松水源涵养功能的差异。[方法]基于2023—2024年野外定位观测试验获得的穿透雨量、树干径流量、土壤体积含水率和枯落物质量含水率,量化不同林龄(10、15、20 a)樟子松的水源涵养功能差异。[结果]随着林龄增长,冠层结构发育显著改变降水分配格局,穿透雨和树干径流占比相对降雨量降低,而冠层截留能力持续增强,反映成熟冠层对降雨再分配的关键作用,10、15、20 a林龄冠层截留量分别占降雨量17.7%、29.4%和35.4%。林下枯落物层的发育呈显著年龄效应,其持水能力随凋落物积累呈指数增长特征,与表层土壤持水功能形成协同增效机制。土壤水库的主导地位表明深层储水系统的稳定性,而不同林龄土层蓄水特征的差异则揭示植被-土壤互作关系的动态演变。水源涵养功能随林龄呈单峰变化趋势,相较于10 a林龄樟子松,15、20 a分别显著增加61.6%和56.0%(p<0.05)。[结论]在未来的再造林工程和樟子人工林的可持续发展研究中,樟子松林水源涵养功能随林龄的变化和差异性具有重要的参考价值。
[Objective]This study aimed to clarify the differences in water conservation function of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica stands at different ages.[Methods]We quantified the differences in water conservation functions of P.sylvestris var.mongolica stands at different ages(10,15 and 20 years)based on 2023—2024 field observations of throughfall,stemflow soil water content,and litter water content.[Results]As stand age increased,the development of canopy structure significantly altered the pattern of rainfall distribution.Specifically,the proportions of throughfall and stemflow decreased,while canopy interception capacity continued to increase,highlighting the crucial role of mature canopies in redistributing rainfall.For instance,canopy interception accounted for 17.7%,29.4%and 35.4%of rainfall in 10,15 and 20-year-old stands,respectively.The understory litter layer also exhibited a significant age effect,with water-holding capacity increasing exponentially with the accumulation of litter,forming a synergistic effect with the water-holding function of the surface soil.The dominant role of soil water storage highlighted the stability of deep water reservoir,while differences in water storage characteristics among soil layers at different stand ages revealed dynamic vegetation-soil interactions.Water conservation function of the forest ecosystem showed a unimodal trend with stand age.Compared to 10-year-old stands,there were significant increases(61.6%and 56.0%)(p<0.05)in 15 and 20-year-old stands.[Conclusion]The age-dependent variations in water conservation function can provide crucial references for future reforestation projects and sustainable management of P.sylvestris var.mongolica plantations.
作者
王志豪
张鹏飞
贾小旭
王小林
WANG Zhihao;ZHANG Pengfei;JIA Xiaoxu;WANG Xiaolin(School of Life Sciences,Yulin College,Yulin,Shaanxi 719000,China;College of Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Yellow River Delta Modern Agricultural Engineering Laboratory,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 101408,China;Crop Water Saving Engineering Research Centre for the Arid Regions of Northern Shaanxi,Yulin,Shaanxi 719000,China)
出处
《水土保持学报》
北大核心
2025年第4期100-108,117,共10页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(U2444217)。
关键词
毛乌素沙地
不同林龄
樟子松
水源涵养功能
Mu Us sandy land
stand age
Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica
water conservation function
