摘要
目的探讨石化行业噪声作业工人佩戴护听器的防护效果及其影响因素。方法于2021年6月至2023年7月, 采用整群抽样选择929名石化工人为研究对象;进行问卷调查和现场职业卫生学调查, 了解工人噪声接触情况和两种护听器使用情况, 对工人护听器佩戴的个人声衰减值(personal attenuation rating, PAR)进行测试, 计算测试通过率, 并进行统计学分析, 评估护听器防护效果并以单因素分析和logistic回归模型探讨工人护听器防护效果测试通过的影响因素。结果研究对象中80.5%工人(748/929)噪声接触水平>85 dB(A)。耳罩通过率(80.9%)大于耳塞通过率(52.6%), 耳罩的基线PAR值中位数22(16, 25)dB大于耳塞15(3, 22)dB, 差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。单因素分析和logistic回归模型显示, 工龄、接噪水平和佩戴舒适性是耳塞防护效果的影响因素(P<0.05), 佩戴舒适性是耳罩防护效果的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论石化工人噪声接触水平较高, 护听器防护不足, 工龄、噪音暴露和佩戴舒适度影响耳塞效果, 佩戴舒适度也影响耳罩效果。
Objective To Exploring the protective effect of hearing protectors worn by noise workers in the petrochemical industry and the factors affecting the protective effect of hearing protectors. From June 2021 to July 2023,929 petrochemical workers were selected as the research subjects through cluster sampling.The noise exposure of workers and the usage of two types of hearing protectors were surveyed through questionnaire surveys and on-site occupational hygiene surveys.The protective effect of hearing protectors were evaluated by testing the PAR of workers.If the noise exposure value of workers minus the PAR value was less than 85 dB(A),it was considered passed.Otherwise,it was considered not passed.The passing rate of the protective effect test of hearing protectors was analyzed through chi square test and the influencing factors for the effectiveness of workers hearing protectors in test were explored through single factor analysis and logistic regression models.ResultsAmong the research subjects,80.5%of workers(748/929)had noise exposure levels greater than 85 dB(A).The passing rate(80.9%)of the earmuff is greater than that of the earplug(52.6%),and the median of PAR of the earmuff is 22(16,25),which is greater than that of the earplug 15(3,22)dB dB,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.001).Univariate analysis and logistic regression models showed that length of service,exposure level to noise,and wearing comfort were the influencing factors of earplug protection effect(P<0.05),while wearing comfort was the influencing factor of earmuff protection effect(P<0.05). This study indicates that the protective effect of hearing protectors on workers in the petrochemical enterprise is poor,and the protective effect of earmuffs is greater than that of earplugs.Working experience,noise exposure level,and wearing comfort are the influencing factors of earplug protection effect,while wearing comfort is the influencing factor of earplug protection effect.
作者
朱嘉伟
钟喜
傅绍杰
黄启帆
李荣宗
刘明
苏世标
陈浩
Zhu Jiawei;Zhong Xi;Fu Shaojie;Huang Qifan;Li Rongzong;Liu Ming;Su Shibiao;Chen Hao(Institute of Occupational Health Assessment Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment,Guangzhou 510300,China;School of Public Health,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510515,China;School of Public Health,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510080,China;Pinghu Public Health Service Center,Longgang,Shenzhen 518000,China)
出处
《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》
北大核心
2025年第7期513-517,共5页
Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases
基金
国家标准体系建设项目(131031109000160010)
广东省职业健康工程技术研究中心(D:2019A069)
中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所标准研制项目(20210401)
深圳市科技计划项目(JCYJ20210324133013038)。
关键词
噪声
护听器
防护效果
石化行业
Noise
Hearing protection device
Protection effect
Petrochemical industry
