摘要
钩藤作为我国传统大宗中药材,其非药用茎秆资源长期没有得到有效利用。以钩藤采收药材后剩余的茎秆为原料,设计4种钩藤茎秆屑基质配方,并与全阔叶树木屑基质进行对比,探索栽培食药用菌的可行性及方法,分析其经济效益。试验采用袋料林内栽培灵芝菌和黑木耳菌,结果表明:含有钩藤茎秆基质的各个处理,其子实体产量均显著高于对照组的全阔叶树木屑基质,其中灵芝产量高出对照组36.7%~55.0%,黑木耳产量高出对照组73.0%~122.6%。经对栽培菌菌丝生长阶段观察,发现灵芝菌各个处理所接种的菌棒无一感染杂菌,而黑木耳各个处理所接种的菌棒均有一定程度杂菌感染,平均感染率为9.6%,说明灵芝菌对杂菌有很强的抗性,而黑木耳菌则对杂菌抗性较弱。经对钩藤茎秆进行产量测定,造林10年林分单位面积年产鲜茎秆为28812 kg/hm^(2),折合干茎秆为14406 kg/hm^(2),以每个袋料菌棒用干茎秆屑0.72 kg(占基质80%)计算,可制作菌棒2万个,参照试验处理D的单棒产量,可年产鲜灵芝3080 kg/hm^(2)、鲜黑木耳13860 kg/hm^(2),年新增产值分别为17.17万元/hm^(2)、11.09万元/hm^(2)。指出钩藤茎秆在栽培食药用菌方面极具优势和潜力,且可完全替代传统的阔叶树基质用于生产食药用菌,兼具资源高效利用与生态保护价值。
As a traditional Chinese medicinal material,the non-medicinal stem resources of Uncaria rhynchophylla(Miq)Miq.exHavil.have not been effectively utilized for a long time.In this study,the remaining stems of Uncaria rhynchophylla(Miq)Miq.exHavil.after harvesting medicinal materials were used as raw materials.By designing four kinds of Uncaria rhynchophylla(Miq)Miq.exHavil.stem sawdust matrix formulations and comparing them with the whole broad-leaved tree sawdust matrix,the feasibility and methods of cultivating edible and medicinal fungi were explored,and their economic benefits were analyzed.In this experiment,Ganoderma lucidum(Curtis).P.Karst.and Auricularia auricula-judae were cultivated in bag forest.The results showed that the fruiting body yield of treatments containing the stem matrix of Uncaria rhynchophylla(Miq)Miq.exHavil.was significantly higher than that of the whole broad-leaved tree sawdust matrix.The yield of Ganoderma lucidum(Curtis).P.Karst.was 36.7%~55.0%higher than that of the control,and the yield of Auricularia auricula-judae(Miq)Miq.exHavil.was 73.0%~122.6%higher than that of the control.Through the observation of the mycelial growth stage of the cultivated bacteria,it was found that none of the bacterial rods inoculated by each treatment of Ganoderma lucid-um(Curtis).P.Karst.were infected with miscellaneous bacteria,while the bacterial rods inoculated by each treat-ment of Auricularia auricula-judae(Miq)Miq.exHavil.were infected with a certain degree of miscellaneous bacte-ria,and the average infection rate was 9.6%,indicating that Ganoderma lucidum(Curtis).P.Karst.had strong resistance to miscellaneous bacteria,while Auricularia auricula-judae had weak resistance to miscellaneous bacteria.The yield of Uncaria rhynchophylla stems was measured.The annual yield of fresh stems per unit area was 28,812 kg/hm^(2),equivalent to 14,406 kg/hm^(2) of dry stems per unit area of the stand for 10 years of afforestation.Based on 0.72 kg(accounting for 80%of the matrix)of dry stem chips for each bag of fungus sticks,20,000 fungus sticks can be made.Referring to the single stick yield of test treatment D,the annual yield of fresh Ganoderma lucidum(Curtis).P.Karst.can be 3080 kg/hm^(2),Fresh black fungus 13,860 kg/hm^(2),the annual output value of 17,1700 yuan/hm^(2) and110,900 yuan/hm^(2).Studies have shown that the stem of Uncaria rhynchophylla(Miq)Miq.exHavil.has great advantages and potential in the cultivation of edible and medicinal fungi,and can completely replace the tra-ditional broad-leaved tree matrix to produce edible and medicinal fungi,which has the value of efficient utilization of resources and ecological protection.
作者
袁春
李彩云
向红艳
唐娟
佘海平
Yuan Chun;Li Caiyun;Xiang Hongyan;Tang Juan;She Haiping(Forestry Research Institute of Huaihua City,Huaihua 418000,Hunan,China)
出处
《绿色科技》
2025年第13期54-58,共5页
Journal of Green Science and Technology
基金
湖南省财政林业生态保护修复资金项目(编号:湘财资环指[2021]68号)。
关键词
钩藤
非药用茎秆
食药用菌栽培
栽培基质
生产效益
Uncaria rhynchophylla(Miq.)Miq.exHavil.
non-medicinal stems
cultivation of edible and medicinal fungi
cultivation substrate
productivity effect
