摘要
基础研究是科技创新的重要源泉,战后日本在战略上由“贸易立国”转向“科技立国”,高度重视基础研究。为推动和支持基础研究,日本政府制定了一套完整的科技创新政策。组织层面,由综合科学技术创新会议进行整体统筹和协调;体制层面,推动科技创新产学官一体化;立法层面,制定《科学技术创新基本法》为根本遵循,并实施五年一个周期的“科学技术创新基本计划”;实践层面,推动基础研究主体法人化、完善科研资助体系。日本政府通过长期规划、聚焦重点领域、响应社会需求、创新驱动、人才培养和国际合作等手段推动了基础研究的发展,取得了21世纪以来自然科学领域诺贝尔奖获奖人数世界第二的成绩。结合中国基础研究面临的问题,提出加强顶层设计、增加基础研究投入、完善科技体制等建议。
Basic research serves as a vital source of scientific and technological innovation.After WWII,Japan strategically shifted from a“trade-oriented nation”to a“science and technology-oriented nation”,placing significant emphasis on basic research.To promote and support it,the Japanese government established a complete set of science and technology innovation policies.Organizationally,the Council for Science,Technology and Innovation(CSTI)provides overall coordination.Systematically,the integration of science and technology innovation industry,academia,and government is promoted.Legally,the Science,Technology and Innovation Basic Act serves as the fundamental framework,implemented through five-year cycles of the“Science,Technology and Innovation Basic Plan”.Practically,measures include promoting the legalization of basic research subjects and improve the scientific research funding system.The Japanese government has promoted the development of basic research through long-term planning,focusing on key areas,responding to social needs,innovation driven,talent cultivation,and international cooperation,achieving the second highest number of Nobel laureates in the field of natural sciences in the world since the 21st century.Considering challenges facing basic research in China,the paper calls for strengthened top-level design,increased investment in basic research,and reforms to the science and technology system.
作者
田鑫
TIAN Xin(International College,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)
出处
《日本问题研究》
2025年第4期36-51,共16页
Japanese Research
关键词
基础研究
科研资助
科技创新政策
政策启示
中日比较
basic research
scientific research funding
science and technology innovation policy
policy implications
comparison between China and Japan
