摘要
柴达木盆地山前区气候条件恶劣,冰雪覆盖面积广,年内降雨高度集中;河床比降大,流量偏差大;河段不稳定,土质盐渍化;植被覆盖率低,山洪历时短、流速快。柴达木盆地特殊的地理环境极易形成高山积雪、融雪,集中的夏季雨水易形成洪水,突发性洪水发生后能够造成境域内公路桥梁水毁。近年来,随着全球气候变暖,盆地内极端天气事件明显增加,区域内公路水毁事件发生的频率显著增大。为减少公路水毁而产生的经济损失,本文选取境内较有代表性的公路工程项目,针对柴达木盆地山前区域内G315线乌兰至德令哈段、G347线都兰至德令哈段、G109线茶卡至都兰段等典型路段进行了水毁调查和分析,结果表明:造成区域水毁事件的主要因素为气候、地理、植被等。水毁事件主要表现为:盆地山前区桥梁被冲刷破坏、调治构造物冲毁、淤积破坏、锥坡等构造物破坏等,冲刷是导致本地区桥梁水毁的最主要原因。地理环境造成的区域桥梁水毁事件显著高于其他地方。
Climatic conditions in the pre-mountain area of the Qaidam Basin are severe,and it is very easy to form floods in the alpine snowmelt and rainfall concentration weather,and the outbreak of flooding will cause highway and bridge water damage in the territory,and in recent years,along with the global climate change,the extreme weather events in the basin have obviously increased,and the frequency of highway water damage acci-dents in the region has significantly increased,and in order to reduce the economic losses incurred due to repair-ing the water-damaged highway,this paper selects the Haixi Prefecture of Qinghai Province,which is a relative-ly representative highway engineering project in the territory.In order to reduce the economic losses caused by repairing water-damaged highways,this paper selects the more representative highway projects in Qinghai Prov-ince,and carries out water damage investigation for the typical road sections such as Wulan to Delingha section of G315 line,Dulan to Delingha section of G347 line,and Chaka to Dulan section of G109 line,etc.According to the investigation results,we have analyzed the characteristic factors such as climate,rainfall,topography,riv-er,vegetation and so on,which caused the regional water-damaged accidents,and the results indicate that the water-damaged roads in the mountain front areas of the Chaidam basin are more and more frequent and more fre-quent.The results show that the scouring damage of bridges,the scouring damage of regulating structures,the siltation damage,the damage of conical slopes and other structures are especially significant,and the scouring is the most important reason leading to the water damage of bridges in this region,and the special natural geograph-ic characteristics are the main factors causing the water damage of bridges in the region significantly different from other places.The special natural geographic characteristics of the Qaidam Basin mountain front area are as follows:wide ice and snow cover,highly concentrated rainfall in time and space,large specific drop of the river-bed,large deviation of the flow rate,unstable river sections,salinization of the soil,low vegetation cover,short duration of flash floods,and fast flow rate.
作者
张汁
ZHANG Zhi(Qinghai Traffic Engineering Technology Service Center,Xining 810000,China)
出处
《青海交通科技》
2025年第1期124-129,共6页
Qinghai Transportation Science and Technology
关键词
公路桥梁水毁
地理特征因素
水毁调查
突发性洪水
气候
highway bridge water damage
geographic characterization factors
water damage surveys
flash flooding
climate
