摘要
农户对农业产业的参与和利益分享是农业产业振兴的重要目标。以“企业+农户”为主要模式的农业产业化路径被认为是带动小农户发展的有效路径,但是在实践中,小农户并不是只有通过企业这个中介才能与产业发生联系。通过对山东寿光蔬菜产业和建宁水稻制种业的考察发现:农户家庭经营的劳动力投入优势、技术优势和筹资优势对新农业的发展尤其重要,其在产业内形成对企业化经营方式的竞争优势,也使产业体系更具化解风险的能力、更具稳定性和韧性,由此形成了“新农业”产业发展中的小农户经营体系优势。同时,产业的发展不断促进农户技术、经营能力、资本等的提升,增强了小农户的生存力和竞争力,在强化了农户家庭经营优势的同时,强化了产业的小农户经营体系基础,两者形成螺旋上升的促进机制。农户家庭经营的优势可直接建构农业产业体系,促进农业产业的发展。通过对农业企业的扶持促进产业的发展和农户的增收并不是唯一路径,直接围绕产业展开服务性支持同样有效。
The participation and benefit-sharing of farmers in agricultural industries are significant goals for the revitalization of agricultural industries.The agricultural industrialization path,mainly featuring the“enterprise+farmer”model,is regarded as an effective way to drive the development of small-scale farmers.However,in practice,farmers do not merely establish connections with the industry through the intermediary role of enterprises.Findings from the investigation of the vegetable industry in Shouguang,Shandong Province,and the seed production industry in Jianning reveal that the advantages of labor input,technology,and capital mobilization are particularly crucial for the development of new agriculture.They form competitive advantages within the industry compared to enterprise-based approaches,endowing the industrial system with greater risk-resolving capabilities,enhanced stability,and resilience.As a result,the advantages of small-scale farmer operation systems have emerged in the development of“new agriculture”.Simultaneously,the development of the industry continuously promotes the improvement of farmers'technical skills,operational capabilities,and capital,strengthening their viability and competitiveness.While reinforcing the advantages of household operation among farmers,it also fortifies the foundation of the farmer operation system within the industry,creating a mutually reinforcing mechanism.The advantages of household operation among farmers can directly shape the agricultural industrial system and facilitate the development of agricultural industries.Promoting the development of industries and increasing farmers'income through supporting agricultural enterprises is not the sole approach;delivering direct,service-oriented support centered on the industry can be equally effective.
作者
周娟
张映丽
ZHOU Juan;ZHANG Yingli
出处
《中国农业大学学报(社会科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第4期43-55,共13页
Journal of China Agricultural University(Social Sciences)
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“农业生产社会化服务与小农户的组织机制研究”(23BSH068)
“湖北省优秀青年社科人才”专项“共同富裕背景下湖北省农村集体经济高质量发展路径研究”。
关键词
农户经营
新农业
小农户经营体系
产业优势
Household operations
New agriculture
Smallholder systems
Industrial advantages
