摘要
Investigating causes of and treatments for neurological diseases originally focused almost exclusively on the central nervous system(CNS).However,a more holistic understanding of neurological diseases emerged in recent years.Contemporary research increasingly considers organs,organ systems,and pathobiological processes outside the CNS as well as their contribution to the course of neurological diseases.Prominent examples are the systemic immunological responses after ischemic,hemorrhagic,or traumatic brain injury1 as well as the gut–brain axis modulating numerous CNS conditions.2,3 Focusing on the interactions between central and peripheral pathobiological processes may result in a considerable increase of experimental strategy complexity and the necessity for additional research efforts.
基金
Piotr Walczak is supported by a NIH/NIDA grant(R01 DA056739)。
