摘要
在全球范围内,人与大型食肉动物的冲突越发频繁。补偿措施是缓解冲突的关键手段之一。本研究首先对人与大型食肉动物冲突情况进行简要概述,然后梳理国内外缓解该冲突的补偿措施,并总结各补偿措施在大型食肉动物中的应用情况、优劣势等。结果表明:政府等补偿主体的财政能力是直接经济补偿的重要保障,社区自主管理是确保补偿成功的关键要素,而引入市场机制能保障补偿长期可持续。中国目前的补偿措施已较为多样化,但存在资金欠缺、社区共管能力不足和补偿方案设计有缺陷等问题。有关机构还需优化补偿方案,进一步拓展资金来源渠道,并增强社区自主管理能力,宣传推广补偿方案,确保补偿到位,此外,建立包括直接经济补偿和市场化补偿的综合补偿体系,并增强配套野生动物肇事科学监测预警措施。这对于我国更科学有效地缓解人与大型食肉动物冲突,促进生态文明建设和实现昆蒙框架下“与自然和谐共生”的愿景具有重要现实意义。
Globally,conflicts between humans and large carnivores are becoming more frequent.Compensation measure is one of the key means to mitigate the conflict.In this study,we first give a brief overview of the human-large carnivore con⁃flict,then sort out the compensation measures to mitigate this conflict at home and abroad,and summarize the application,advantages and disadvantages of each compensation measure in large carnivores.The results show that the financial ca⁃pacity of the compensating entity,such as the government,is an important safeguard for direct economic compensation,that community ownership is a key element to ensure the success of compensation,and that the introduction of market mechanisms can guarantee the long-term sustainability of compensation.The current compensation measures in China have become relatively diverse,but issues such as funding shortages,inadequate community co-management capacity,and flaws in compensation scheme design still persist.The relevant authorities need to optimize compensation schemes,expand funding sources,and enhance community self-management capacity,while promoting awareness of compensation policies to ensure effective implementation.Additionally,establish a comprehensive compensation system,including direct economic compensation and market-based compensation,and enhance the scientific monitoring and early-warning mea⁃sures for wildlife damage.This holds significant practical implication for China to more scientifically and effectively mitigate human-large carnivore conflicts,advance ecological civilization and achieve the vision of“Living in Harmony with Nature”under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.
作者
罗雪
王强
张伟
周学红
LUO Xue;WANG Qiang;ZHANG Wei;ZHOU Xuehong(College of Wildlife and Protected Area,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102,China)
出处
《野生动物学报》
北大核心
2025年第3期636-646,共11页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFF130500206)。
关键词
人与大型食肉动物冲突
补偿措施
虎
雪豹
容忍度
Human-large carnivore con⁃flict
Compensation measures
Tiger(Panthera tigris)
Snow leopard(Panthera un⁃cia)
Tolerance
