摘要
珍宝岛湿地国家级自然保护区是东方白鹳(Ciconia boyciana)人工招引的集中地区,因该地区只有5个天然巢,存在人工巢在小范围区域密度过高的情况,与自然状态下东方白鹳巢的分布密度差异较大。为探究东方白鹳在高密度人工巢招引活动下的种群增长情况以及东方白鹳对人工巢巢址选择的影响因素,于2023年3—8月,对珍宝岛湿地国家级自然保护区东方白鹳种群的繁殖成功率和巢址选择进行研究。调查表明:2018年以前,保护区天然巢密度为0.20~0.27个/km^(2);截至2023年春,共建设人工巢39个,同时并存经年利用过的天然巢5个,巢密度为2.93个/km^(2),共有23巢进入孵化,总产卵数为81枚,平均窝卵数为(3.52±0.79)枚(n=23),总孵化率为66.67%,总出飞率为87.04%,最终繁殖成功率为58.02%。分析发现,东方白鹳优先选择人工巢中往年繁殖旧巢产卵(Z=-2.980,P<0.05),产卵日期越早,窝卵数(r=-0.46,P<0.05)与孵化数(r=-0.45,P<0.05)越多,孵化数越多,出飞数也就越多(r=0.83,P<0.05),距水田距离较远的巢出飞数较多(r=0.46,P<0.05)。东方白鹳在选择人工巢时更加偏好远离岛状林(Z=-2.394,P<0.05)和水田(t=1.332,P<0.05)的巢址。研究发现,东方白鹳在自然条件下的繁殖受限于巢位数量,因此人工巢的建设对于东方白鹳的种群增长起重要作用。
Zhenbaodao Wetland National Nature Reserve is a concentrated area for the artificial recruitment of the Oriental stork(Ciconia boyciana).Since there are only five natural nests in the area,the construction of artificial nests has signifi⁃cantly increased the nest density of the Oriental stork,resulting in a distribution density of Oriental stork nests is quite different from that in the natural state.To explore the population growth of Oriental storks under the high-density artificial nest re⁃cruitment and the influencing factors of Oriental storks’selection of artificial nest sites,a study on the breeding success rate and nest site selection of the Oriental stork population in Zhenbaodao Wetland National Nature Reserve was conducted from March to August 2023.Surveys showed that before 2018,the density of natural nests in the nature reserve was 0.20-0.27 nests per square kilometer.As of the spring of 2023,a total of 39 artificial nests had been built,and there were also five natural nests that had been used over the years.The nest density was 2.93 nests per square kilometer.A total of 23 nests entered the incubation stage.The total number of eggs laid was 81,with a mean clutch size of(3.52±0.79)eggs(n=23).The total hatching rate was 66.67%,the total fledging rate was 87.04%,and the final breeding success rate was 58.02%.The analysis found that Oriental storks preferred the old nests used for breeding in previous years among artificial nests for egg-laying(Z=-2.980,P<0.05).The earlier the spawning date,the greater the clutch size(r=-0.46,P<0.05)and the number of hatched eggs(r=-0.45,P<0.05).The more the number of hatched eggs,the more the num⁃ber of fledglings(r=0.83,P<0.05).Nests farther from paddy fields have a larger number of fledglings(r=0.46,P<0.05).When selecting artificial nests,Oriental storks preferred nest sites far from island-shaped forests(Z=-2.394,P<0.05)and paddy fields(t=1.332,P<0.05).The study found that the reproduction of the Oriental stork under natural con⁃ditions is constrained by the number of nesting sites.Therefore,the construction of artificial nests plays an important role in the population growth of Oriental stork.
作者
万名弢
许永珊
秦明东
赵筱涛
李思梦
严雪洁
许青
WAN Mingtao;XU Yongshan;QIN Mingdong;ZHAO Xiaotao;LI Simeng;YAN Xuejie;XU Qing(College of Wildlife and Protected Area,Northeast forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;Liaoning Wetland Conservation Center,Liaoyang 111000,China)
出处
《野生动物学报》
北大核心
2025年第3期615-625,共11页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(32070519)。
关键词
东方白鹳
人工巢
繁殖成功率
巢址选择
巢密度
Oriental stork(Ciconia boyciana)
Artificial nest
Breeding success rate
Nest site selection
Nest density
