摘要
为了分析中华秋沙鸭(Mergus squamatus)种群繁殖期数量动态变化规律、行为对策、繁殖习性及种群繁殖力,为其种群保护和管理提供参考,在吉林省抚松县漫江流域对中华秋沙鸭繁殖种群采用观察法进行实地观察。结果表明:中华秋沙鸭种群数量在繁殖期变动明显,雄鸭数量呈现较规律的正态曲线变化,雌鸭数量波动明显,种群数量动态能够充分反映繁殖活动的进程。通过繁殖期种群数量空间分布分析,确定长松电站旧址和野鸭湖为主要繁殖区。繁殖期以游动、取食、静息和睡眠为主要行为模式,占比86%,其中游动和取食是最主要的行为模式,占比58%,行为时间分配对环境变化和人为干扰响应明显。与越冬期行为比较发现,繁殖期行为模式倾向于简化以减少能量消耗。繁殖期有配偶看护行为,以保证雌鸭和巢址安全,并防止其他雄鸭与配偶交配,通过驱赶、伴飞和守候予以实现;潜水时间两性之间在年内无显著差异(P>0.05),仅雄性在年际间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。平均窝卵数(9.26±2.10)枚(n=19),繁殖成功率84.21%。
In order to provide the reference for the protection and management for Mergus squamatus and analyze the population dynamics,behavioral strategies,breeding habits,and population fecundity during the breeding season,the breeding population of M.squamatus was observed in the Manjiang River Basin,Fusong County,Jilin Province.The re⁃sults showed that the number of M.squamatus in the breeding season varied significantly,and the number of male ducks showed a relatively regular normal curve,while the number of female ducks fluctuated significantly.The dynamics of the population could fully reflect the progress of the breeding activities.Through the spatial distribution analysis of the popula⁃tion during the breeding season,the Changsong Power Station site and the Yeya Lake were identified as the main breeding areas.The main behavioral patterns during the breeding season were swimming,feeding,resting,and sleeping,account⁃ing for 86%.Among them,swimming and feeding were the most important behavioral patterns,accounting for 58%.The allocation of behavioral time was significantly affected by environmental change and human disturbance.Compared with the behavior during the overwintering period,the behavior patterns during the breeding season tended to be simplified to re⁃duce energy consumption.During the breeding season,the behavior of mate guarding was used to ensure the safety of the female ducks and the nest site,and to prevent other male ducks from mating with the mate by driving,accompanying fly⁃ing,and waiting.There was no significant difference in diving time between the two sexes(P>0.05),only males showed significant differences among years(P<0.05).The average clutch size was(9.26±2.10)(n=19),and the breeding success rate was 84.21%.
作者
易国栋
赵永斌
郝亚南
李华
郝锡联
YI Guodong;ZHAO Yongbin;HAO Yanan;LI Hua;HAO Xilian(School of Life Sciences,Jilin Normal University,Siping 136000,China)
出处
《野生动物学报》
北大核心
2025年第3期595-602,共8页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE
基金
吉林省自然科学基金项目(20220101331JC)。
关键词
中华秋沙鸭
繁殖期
种群数量动态
繁殖生态学
行为
Mergus squamatus
Breeding season
Population dynamics
Reproductive ecology
Behavior
