摘要
为了揭示哺乳动物针毛分化的适应性意义,探讨针毛在哺乳动物毛被隔热性中的作用,以野生型北美水貂(Neovison vison)为实验样本,应用动物毛皮传热系数测试装置,测定当年采剥的雄性北美水貂冬皮、夏皮、去针毛冬皮样本在不同风速、温度条件下的传热系数(k),同时测量针毛长度(L_(g))、毛密度(D_(h))以及针毛倾角(θ),量化毛形态指标与传热系数之间的关系。结果表明:自然状态下的冬皮传热系数显著低于剪除针毛的冬皮(P<0.01),突出于绒毛层的针毛对毛被的抗风隔热性能有重要作用。针毛长度与传热系数有着极强的负相关关系(P<0.05),针毛越长,高于绒毛层的部分越长,传热系数越小,毛被的隔热性能越强;冬皮的传热系数显著低于夏皮(P<0.01),与针毛倾角存在显著负相关关系(P<0.05)。这说明,除了绒毛层的厚度以外,针毛倾角通过影响毛被外层针毛有效长度及其对外层空气的扰动程度来影响毛被的隔热性能。综合以上结果可以得出,针毛本身密度较低,对毛被的隔热性能没有直接贡献,但其通过突出于毛被,在有风条件下,对毛被外层的空气产生扰动,形成一层紊流,有效地保护了下层毛被中空气层的稳定性。针毛长度和性状的分化可以增加紊流层的复杂性,提高其诱导出来的隔热效能。这一认识揭示了开阔生境中的哺乳动物针毛较长,而郁闭生境中针毛较短现象的原理,为进一步理解毛被作为隔热器官的形态和功能演化提供新的视角,同时这种结构和功能的关系也暗示了隔热结构设计的仿生学意义。
This study took the American mink(Neovison vison)as an example,investigated the role of guard hair morphology in thermal insulation property of mammalian pelage and explored adaptive evolution significance of morphological differ⁃entiation.The experiments were performed on a pelage heat transfer coefficient(k)testing platform under different wind speed and temperature using winter pelage,summer pelage and winter pelage with guard hair shaving.Meanwhile,mor⁃phological parameters of pelage namely guard hair length(L_(g)),obliquity(θ)and down hair density(D_(h))were measured and correlations between the parameters and k were tested.Results showed the k of the natural(untreated)winter pelage under different wind speed and temperature was significantly lower than the winter pelage with guard hair shaving(P<0.01),demonstrating the guard hair contributes to thermal insulation.Lg showed very significant negative correlation with k(P<0.05),the greater the Lg and the longer that guard hair outstanding the fur,the smaller the k.This further indicates that Lg is essential to heat transfer performance of pelage.Furthermore,the k of winter pelage was significantly greater than that of summer pelage(P<0.01)and k was also negatively associated withθof guard hair(P<0.05).This suggests that,besides the fur(down hair),the obliquity angle of guard hair contributes to thermal insulation through disturbing air flow at the upper layer of the pelage to facilitate the immobilization of air held in down layer.The above results suggest that the guard hair has negligible contribution to thermal transfer of mammalian pelage due to the small density,however,it im⁃proves the immobilization of air held in down layer through disturbing the air flow at upper layer so as to improve thermal in⁃sulation performance.Morphological differentiation of guard hair in length and shape can improve the induced thermal insu⁃lation.Our finding helps explaining the phenomena that mammals in open habitats often have longer guard hair than those in closed habitats,providing a new angle to understand the morphology-function evolution of mammalian pelage.Mean⁃while,it also provides bionic implication for designing thermal insulation structure with reference to the structure and func⁃tion of guard hair.
作者
穆佳童
刘微
张洪福
崔靓玉
韩松霖
杨淑慧
徐艳春
MU Jiatong;LIU Wei;ZHANG Hongfu;CUI Liangyu;HAN Songlin;YANG Shuhui;XU Yanchun(College of Wildlife and Protected Area,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;School of Civil Engineering and Transportation,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China)
出处
《野生动物学报》
北大核心
2025年第3期555-563,共9页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE
基金
新一轮黑龙江省“双一流”学科协同创新成果项目(2023)。
关键词
北美水貂
毛被
针毛
形态分化
隔热性能
Amercian Mink(Neovison vison)
Pelage
Guard hair
Morphological differentia⁃tion
Thermal insulation
