摘要
探究不同苹果品种光合能力、光合效率以及果实产量、品质的差异,从而对其叶片光能利用和光合效能进行综合评价,可为苹果生产中的品种选择提供理论依据。以晋西南丘陵地区的3个主栽品种烟富3号、寒富和蒲香红为研究对象,2021—2023年连续3年测定叶片光合-光响应曲线、光合-CO_(2)响应曲线、叶绿素荧光参数的猝灭动力学曲线和暗弛豫曲线以及果实产量和品质指标,并分析不同苹果品种叶片光合参数和叶绿素荧光参数与果实品质、产量的相关性。结果表明:与烟富3号和寒富相比,蒲香红最大净光合速率(A_(max))和光饱和点(LSP)升高,光补偿点(LCP)降低,可利用光强范围(LUR)明显增加,分别比烟富3号和寒富增加了93.90%和31.51%;在叶片光合碳同化过程的3个限制因子中,Rubisco限制下的最大羧化速率(V_(cmax))为品种差异最显著的特征参数,蒲香红分别比烟富3号和寒富提高了77.60%和35.54%。在叶绿素荧光猝灭过程中,光能捕获效率(F_(v)'/F_(m)')、量子效率(Φ_(CO_(2)))、PSⅡ的实际光化学效率(Φ_(PSⅡ))以及光化学猝灭系数(q_(P))随时间的变化均呈上升趋势,蒲香红明显高于烟富3号和寒富;非光化学猝灭(NPQ)随时间的变化呈下降趋势,蒲香红明显低于烟富3号和寒富。蒲香红产量、单果重、可溶性固形物含量以及果肉硬度均优于寒富和烟富3号。相关性分析可知,最大净光合速率、最大羧化速率、磷酸丙糖利用速率(V_(tpu))、光能捕获效率和PSⅡ的实际光化学效率与产量均呈显著或极显著正相关;净光合速率(P_(n))与单果重呈显著正相关,量子效率与果肉硬度和可溶性固形物含量均呈显著正相关。3个供试品种,蒲香红的光合适应性较强,光合效率、光合能力和光能利用效率较高,产量及果实品质最佳;光合效率的提升与光能捕获、碳同化能力及果实品质的形成密切相关。研究结果可为我国丘陵半干旱苹果产区的品种选择提供理论依据。
This study aimed to investigate the divergences in light energy utilization,photosynthetic capacity and efficiency,as well as yield and fruit quality,within an integrated framework among different apple varieties and to provide a theoretical reference for variety selection in apple production.‘Yanfu 3’,‘Hanfu’,and‘Puxianghong’,the three main cultivated varieties in the hilly areas of Southwest of Shanxi Province,were used as the research objects.From 2021 to 2023,the photosynthetic-light response curves,photosynthetic-CO_(2)response curves,quenching kinetic curves of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and dark relaxation curves as well as yield and fruit quality indices,were measured carefully for three consecutive years.The correlations between leaf photosynthetic fluorescence parameters and fruit quality as well as yield of different apple varieties were compared and analyzed.The results showed that,compared with‘Yanfu 3’and‘Hanfu’,the maximum net photosynthetic rate(A max)and light saturation point(LSP)of‘Puxianghong’were significantly decreased.In contrast,the light compensation point(LCP)was significantly increased.The light utilisation range(LUR)increased significantly,which were 93.90%and 31.51%higher than those of‘Yanfu 3’and‘Hanfu’,respectively.Among the three limiting factors of photosynthetic carbon assimilation in leaves.Maximum rate of carboxylation under the Rubisco limitation(V_(cmax))was the most significant characteristic parameter among the varieties,and‘Puxianghong’increased by 77.60%and 35.54%compared to that of‘Yanfu 3’and‘Hanfu’,respectively.In the chlorophyll fluorescence quenching process,light energy capture efficiency(F_(v)'/F_(m)'),quantum efficiency(ΦCO_(2)),actual photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ(Φ_(PSⅡ))and photochemical quenching coefficient(q_(P))all showed an increasing trend with time.The changes of‘Puxianghong’were significantly higher than those of‘Yanfu 3’and‘Hanfu’.The change of non-photochemical quenching(NPQ)with time showed a decreasing trend,and that of‘Puxianghong’was significantly lower than that of‘Yanfu 3’and‘Hanfu’.The yield,single fruit weight,soluble solids content and flesh firmness of‘Puxianghong’were increased significantly in comparison with those of‘Hanfu’and‘Yanfu 3’.Correlation analysis revealed that the maximum net photosynthetic rate,maximum carboxylation rate,triose phosphate utilization rate(V_(tpu)),light energy capture efficiency,and actual photochemical efficiency of PSⅡwere significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with yield.Leaf net photosynthetic rate(P_(n))was significantly positively correlated with single fruit weight,and quantum efficiency was significantly positively correlated with flesh hardness and soluble solids content.Among the three tested varieties,‘Puxianghong’exhibited the strongest photosynthetic adaptability,the highest photosynthetic efficiency,the most excellent photosynthetic capacity,and improved light energy utilization efficiency,resulting in the best yield and fruit quality.The improvement of photosynthetic efficiency is closely related to the formation of light energy capture,carbon assimilation ability and fruit quality.This study can provide a theoretical basis for selecting apple varieties in semi-arid,hilly areas of China.
作者
李志强
王鹏鹏
程晓廷
何江
郭勇宏
林琭
Li Zhiqiang;Wang Pengpeng;Cheng Xiaoting;He Jiang;Guo Yonghong;Lin Lu(College of Horticulture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031;Research and Development Technology Service Center for Ecological Product in Pu County)
出处
《中国果树》
2025年第8期17-28,共12页
China Fruits
基金
山西省科技成果转化引导专项(202104021301048)
山西省基础研究计划(自然科学研究面上项目)(202203021221163)
山西省农业科学院农业科技创新研究课题山西运城水果出口平台专项项目(YCX2020302)
山西农业大学横向科技项目(2022HX103、2023QT105)
山西农业大学园艺学院项目(2022YYXY-PX-1)。
关键词
苹果
品种
光合效能
叶绿素荧光分析
产量
果实品质
apple
variety
photosynthetic capacity and efficiency
chlorophyll fluorescence analysis
yield
fruit quality
