摘要
经济犯罪中因果关系认定问题被长期忽略。虽然条件说、相当因果关系说及客观归责理论在经济犯罪场域中有失灵现象,但失灵现象所体现的理论原因只是因果关系乱象的表象原因,可以通过对经济犯罪进行类型化来选择适用不同的因果关系理论加以解决。真实原因在于司法认定的三重逻辑谬误:一是超限适用推定方式,循环推定主观要素的存在与因果关系的成立;二是任意切割或拼接因果链条,混淆修饰型原因与关联型原因;三是既主张规范评价与事实判断的区分,同时又以规范评价选择性筛选事实,不当确定归因的基础。经济犯罪因果关系判断的应然逻辑应当是在强调法秩序统一性的基础上,严格筛选进入刑法评价的实行行为,将具有民事权利基础的行为、部分具有民事权利外观但不具有刑事不法内核的行为,以及可被他人合义务替代行为所避免的行为排除在实行行为之外。司法实践应在此基础上构建类型化的因果关系判断模型,并区分修饰型原因与关联型原因,准确评估各行为对结果的因果力,以避免因果关系的错误搭联。
The question of the identification of causation in economic crimes has long been overlooked.Although the conditional theory,theory of adequate causation,and objective imputation theory demonstrate limitations in this context,these theoretical shortcomings merely reflect superficial causes of causal confusion,which can be resolved by selectively applying different causation theories based on typological application.The root causes lie in three logical fallacies in judicial identification.First,the overextension of presumptive reasoning leads to circular inference,presuming both the existence of subjective elements and the establishment of causality.Second,arbitrary fragmentation and aggregation of causal chains leads to the conflation of modifying causes with associative causes.Third,there is an internal contradiction in asserting a distinction between normative evaluation and factual identification,while simultaneously allowing normative standards to selectively filter factual elements,thereby undermining the objective basis for causal attribution.The proper logic for identifying causation in economic crimes should be based on the unity of the legal order,and rigorously delimit perpetrating acts for criminal evaluation,and exclude those grounded in civil rights,those that merely superficially resemble civil entitlements without embodying criminal unlawfulness,and those that can be avoided through lawful alternatives by others.On this basis,a typological causation model should be constructed to distinguish modifying causes from associative ones,enabling precise evaluation of each act's causal contribution and preventing erroneous causal attribution.
作者
朱奇伟
Zhu Qi-wei(School of Law Shanghai Maritime University,Shanghai,201306;the Postdoctoral Station of East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai,200042)
出处
《深圳大学学报(人文社会科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第4期109-118,共10页
Journal of Shenzhen University:Humanities & Social Sciences
基金
中国博士后科学基金面上项目“紧急避险在经济犯罪中适用的法理基础及其运用规则研究”(2023M741198)。
关键词
经济犯罪
因果关系
归因困境
行为限缩
逻辑模型
因果链
economic crime
causation
attribution dilemma
narrowing of conduct
logical model
causal chain
