摘要
随着全球食品供应链的复杂化与消费模式的多样化,由食源性致病菌引起的突发食源性疾病频率持续上升,严重威胁公共卫生安全并造成重大社会经济负担。传统检测方法(如细菌培养、聚合酶链式反应)虽具较高准确性,但存在检测周期长、设备依赖性强等局限,难以满足突发事件中快速响应的需求。本文系统综述了近年来食源性致病菌快速检测技术的研究进展,重点聚焦分子生物学检测(环介导等温扩增技术、重组酶聚合酶扩增技术、常间回文重复序列丛集/常间回文重复序列丛集关联蛋白系统(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated proteins system,CRISPR/Cas))、免疫学检测(胶体金免疫层析、荧光免疫层析、酶联免疫吸附测定、免疫磁珠分离)及生物传感器检测(微流控芯片、纳米传感器)等方向,详细比较了各技术体系的原理、应用现状及局限性。当前快速检测技术已在灵敏度、检测时间与现场适应性等方面取得重要突破,为食源性疾病的早期预警与精准控制提供了有力支持。未来,检测技术将朝着自动化、微型化与多指标集成方向发展,进一步提升食品安全保障体系的整体效能。
With the complexity of the global food supply chain and the diversification of consumption patterns,the frequency of outbreaks of foodborne illnesses caused by foodborne pathogens continues to rise,posing a serious threat to public health and safety as well as a significant socio-economic burden.Although traditional detection methods(e.g.,bacterial culture,polymerase chain reaction)have high accuracy,they have limitations such as long detection period and strong dependence on equipment,which are difficult to meet the demand for rapid response in emergencies.This paper provided a systematic review of the research progress of rapid detection techniques for foodborne pathogens in recent years,focused on molecular biology[loop-mediated isothermal amplification,recombinase polymerase amplification,clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated proteins system(CRISPR/Cas)],immunology(colloidal gold immunochromatography,fluorescence immunochromatography,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,immunomagnetic bead separation)and biosensor detection(microfluidic chip,nano-sensors),and compared the principle,application status and limitations of the various technology systems in detail.The principle,application status and limitations of each technology were compared in detail.Current rapid detection technologies had made important breakthroughs in sensitivity,detection time and field adaptability,which provided powerful support for early warning and precise control of foodborne diseases.In the future,the detection technology will develop in the direction of automation,miniaturization and multi-indicator integration,which will further enhance the overall effectiveness of the food safety guarantee system.
作者
杨雪
冯丽
YANG Xue;FENG Li(Yunnan Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Kunming 650000,China)
出处
《食品安全质量检测学报》
2025年第17期22-30,共9页
Journal of Food Safety and Quality
关键词
食源性致病菌
快速检测技术
分子生物学方法
免疫学方法
foodborne pathogenic bacteria
rapid detection technology
molecular biology methods
immunological methods
