摘要
火星的水活动证据研究是探索火星地质演化和潜在宜居性的核心课题。作为太阳系中与地球最为相似的行星,火星表面保存了丰富的水活动遗迹,这些地质记录为理解行星演化历史和生命存在可能性提供了关键线索。本研究系统梳理了早期火星水活动的多维度证据,包括水活动形成的地貌特征、岩石化学组成以及矿物学特征;在当代火星水循环研究方面,整合了轨道探测器和地面巡视器的观测数据,综述了火星大气、地表以及地下的水冰分布情况。本文重点回顾了中国首次火星探测工程天问一号在水活动证据研究方面取得的部分新认识。总结了火星西方纪古海洋、晚西方纪长期水活动,亚马逊纪多样的水活动证据及气候演化等新认识,进一步提出火星水环境演化、地下水/冰分布,以及火星宜居性问题等未来火星探测研究的主要方向。
As the most Earth-like planet in the Solar System,Mars preserves abundant traces of past hydrological activity on its surface.These geological records provide critical clues for understanding planetary evolution and the potential for life.This study systematically reviews multi-dimensional evidence of early Martian water activity,including geomorphological features shaped by aqueous processes,variations in rock chemistry,and mineralogical signatures.In terms of contemporary Martian hydrological cycles,this research synthesizes observational data from orbiters and rovers,summarizing the distribution of water vapor in the atmosphere,surface frost,and subsurface water ice.A key focus of this paper is the review of new findings from China's first Mars exploration mission,Tianwen-1,regarding evidence of past water activity.The study consolidates emerging insights into the Hesperian-era paleo-ocean,prolonged aqueous activity in the Late Hesperian,and diverse Amazonian-era water-related features,along with their implications for climate evolution.Furthermore,this work outlines major future research directions in Martian exploration,including the evolution of aqueous environments,the distribution of subsurface water/ice,and key questions concerning Martian habitability.
作者
李志斌
任鑫
陈媛
张菁菁
高孟嘉
刘建军
李春来
LI Zhibin;REN Xin;CHEN Yuan;ZHANG Jingjing;GAO Mengjia;LIU Jianjun;LI Chunlai(National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)
出处
《第四纪研究》
北大核心
2025年第4期912-932,共21页
Quaternary Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(批准号:2022YFF0503204)
中国科学院重点研究计划项目(批准号:ZDBS-SSW-TLC00102)共同资助。
