摘要
布鲁氏菌病(Brucellosis)是一种由布鲁氏菌属(Brucella)多种细菌引起的全球性人兽共患病,对公共卫生构成重大威胁,特别是在津巴布韦等撒哈拉以南低收入非洲国家。本文从津巴布韦动物布鲁氏菌病流行概况、疫情监测情况、流行病原种类、国家防控政策和当前面临挑战等多角度进行综述分析,以供国内相关业内专家和有意赴津巴布韦拓展畜牧兽医行业业务的有志人士参考。津巴布韦牧业系统分为商业农场和社区农户,1992—1996年该国牛群布鲁氏菌病患病率介于8%~40%,其中商业农场的牛群患病率介于10.0%~53.0%,社区农户的牛群患病率介于0~16.0%。当地主要流行菌属为牛种布鲁氏菌、羊种布鲁氏菌和猪种布鲁氏菌,少数为犬种布鲁氏菌和绵羊种布鲁氏菌,病原在野生动物、家畜和人类之间存在极大的交叉传播风险。该国使用的疫苗是牛种布鲁氏菌S19株疫苗,由政府集中提供,主要针对的是商业农场。该国缺乏完善的动物疫病监测系统,对跨区调运的动物很少实施检疫,布鲁氏菌病整体防控政策难以推行。
Brucellosis,caused by various species of the Brucella genus,is a widespread zoonotic disease posing a serious threat to public health,especially in low-income Sub-Saharan African countries such as Zimbabwe.This review summarizes the epidemiological situation of animal brucellosis in Zimbabwe from multiple perspectives,including prevalence patterns,disease surveillance,pathogen species,national control policies,and current challenges.It aims to provide insights for professionals in the veterinary and livestock industry,particularly those interested in expanding business in Zimbabwe.Zimbabwe's livestock production is divided into commercial farms and community-based smallholders.Between 1992 and 1996,the prevalence of brucellosis in cattle ranged from 8%to 40%.Specifically,commercial farm cattle had a prevalence of 10.0%to 53.0%,while smallholder cattle had a prevalence of 0 to 16.0%.The main circulating Brucella species include B.abortus,B.melitensis,and B.suis,with occasional detection of B.canis and B.ovis.The pathogens show a significant risk of cross-species transmission among wildlife,livestock,and humans.Zimbabwe relies on the Brucella abortus S19 vaccine,which is government-distributed and primarily used in commercial farms.However,the country lacks a comprehensive animal disease surveillance system,and quarantine procedures for interregional animal transport are rarely implemented.These limitations hinder the effective enforcement of brucellosis control policies.
作者
刘建文
周敏
王犇
赵珂
闫守根
LIU Jianwen;ZHOU Min;WANG Ben;ZHAO Ke;YAN Shougen(Tianjin Animal Disease Control and Prevention Center,Tianjin 300042,China;International Exchange Service Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China;Animal Husbandry Development Center of Nanyang City Anhui Province,Nanyang 473000,China;Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Qiaocheng District Bozhou City Anhui Province,Bozhou 236800,China)
出处
《中国兽医杂志》
北大核心
2025年第8期15-20,共6页
Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine
基金
商务部援津巴布韦高级农业专家组第四期技术援助项目(2003商和促技字第28号)。
关键词
津巴布韦
布鲁氏菌病
流行状况
防控形势
Zimbabwe
brucellosis
epidemiological status
prevention and control situation
