摘要
为解决洛阳烟区干旱频发导致的烟株成熟延迟、品质下降等问题,以秦烟96为试验材料,设置春起垄(CK)、冬起垄和秋耕冬起垄3个处理,探究不同起垄时间对土壤湿度,烤烟大田生育期、农艺性状、根系活力和碳氮代谢相关特性以及烤后烟叶常规化学成分、感官质量等的影响。结果显示,冬起垄、秋耕冬起垄处理能显著增加土壤湿度,且与CK相比分别使烤烟的大田生育期提前10、16d;根系活力在烟株成熟期之前均表现为秋耕冬起垄处理>冬起垄处理>春起垄处理;秋耕冬起垄处理的烟株株高、茎围、叶片数均大于或等于其他处理,且旺长期和成熟期的最大叶长和最大叶宽均大于其他处理;大田生长后期,冬起垄、秋耕冬起垄处理烤烟的硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)、蔗糖合成酶(SS)活性和相关基因(NtNR、NtGS、NtSPS、NtSS)表达量均显著降低;此外,烤后烟叶烟碱、总氮和氯含量降低,钾含量上升,钾氯比和糖碱比增大,其中秋耕冬起垄处理的烟叶化学成分更为适宜;秋耕冬起垄处理的烟叶香气质好量足、杂气少、余味舒适干净,感官质量最好。综上所述,洛阳烟区采用秋耕冬起垄可以缩短烤烟大田生育期,促进内含物质转化,改善烟叶感官质量,提高烟叶品质。
In order to solve the problems of delayed maturation and quality decline of tobacco plants caused by frequent drought in Luoyang tobacco growing areas,Qinyan 96 was used as the experimental material,and three treatments were set up:Spring ridge raising(CK),winter ridge raising,and autumn plowing and winter ridge raising.The effects of different ridge raising time on soil moisture,tobacco field growth period,agronomic traits,root activity,carbon and nitrogen metabolism related characteristics,as well as the conventional chemical composition and sensory quality of tobacco leaves after roasting were explored.The results showed that winter plowing and winter plowing treatments significantly increased soil moisture and advanced the field growth period of tobacco by 10 and 16 days,respectively,compared to CK.Before the tobacco plant maturity period,root activity showed the order of autumn tillage and winter ridging treatment>winter ridging treatment>spring ridging treatment.The height,stem circumference,and number of leaves of tobacco plants treated with autumn plowing and winter ridge raising were all greater than or equal to other treatments,and the maximum leaf length and width during the vigorous and mature stages were both greater than other treatments.In the late stage of field growth,the activities of nitrate reductase(NR),glutamine synthetase(GS),sucrose phosphate synthetase(SPS),sucrose synthetase(SS),and the expression levels of related genes(NtNR,NtGS,NtSPS,NtSS)in tobacco treated with winter ridge formation,autumn tillage and winter ridging formation were significantly reduced.In addition,the content of nicotine,total nitrogen and chlorine in cured tobacco leaves decreased,the content of potassium increased,and the ratio of potassium to chlorine and sugar to alkali increased.Among them,the chemical composition of tobacco leaves treated with autumn plowing and winter ridging was more suitable.The tobacco leaves treated with autumn tillage and winter ridging had a good aroma,sufficient quantity,less impurities,a comfortable and clean aftertaste,and the best sensory quality.In summary,the use of autumn plowing and winter ridge raising in Luoyang tobacco growing areas can shorten the growth period of tobacco,promote the transformation of internal substances,optimize the sensory quality of tobacco leaves,and improve the quality of tobacco leaves.
作者
钱建财
朱雨非
丹冬淳
黄五星
张莉
QIAN Jiancai;ZHU Yufei;DAN Dongchun;HUANG Wuxing;ZHANG Li(Jiangsu China Tobacco Industry Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 210015,China;Tobacco College,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China)
出处
《河南农业科学》
北大核心
2025年第8期60-68,共9页
Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences
基金
江苏中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目(20220729)。
关键词
烤烟
起垄时间
生育期
烟叶品质
秋耕冬起垄
Flue⁃cured tobacco
Ridging time
Growth period
Tobacco leaf quality
Autumn tillage and winter ridging
