摘要
水下阵列方位估计在军事、海洋资源开发及环境监测等领域具有广泛应用,是阵列信号处理中的关键技术。本文综述了当前水下阵列方位估计方法的发展现状,首先介绍了基于均匀分布声压线阵的声学数学模型,随后对方位估计方法进行了分类,涵盖了经典波束形成方法、统计类方法、子空间类方法以及基于人工智能的到达方向(DOA)估计方法。分析了影响方位估计精度的关键因素,包括阵列校准误差、阵列几何结构、信号处理技术及水声信道特性等。最后,总结了当前方位估计技术的局限性,并提出了未来的研究方向,包括多模态数据融合、深度学习与物理模型结合、新型阵列结构等,以期提升水下方位估计的精度和鲁棒性。
Underwater target azimuth estimation is a critical technology in array signal processing,with wide applications in military operations,marine resource development,and environmental monitoring.A comprehensive review of the current development status of underwater target azimuth estimation methods is provided in this paper.Firstly,an introduction to the acoustic mathematical model based on an uniformly distributed sound pressure line array was given.Next,azimuth estimation methods are classified into four categories:classical beamforming,statistical,subspace,and AI-based Direction of Arrival(DOA)estimation methods.Key factors affecting azimuth estimation accuracy,such as array calibration errors,array geometry,signal processing techniques,and underwater acoustic channel characteristics,were also analyzed.Finally,the paper discussed the limitations of current azimuth estimation technologies and proposed future research directions,including multimodal data fusion,integration of deep learning with physical models,and the development of new array structures etc,to enhance the accuracy and robustness of underwater azimuth estimation.
作者
马超
刘磊
刘凯
陈奕宏
李志超
MA Chao;LIU Lei;LIU Kai;CHEN Yi−hong;LI Zhi−chao(China Ship Scientific Research Center,Wuxi 214082,China;Taihu Laboratory of Deepsea and Technological Science,Wuxi 214082,China)
出处
《船舶力学》
北大核心
2025年第8期1330-1342,共13页
Journal of Ship Mechanics
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(92252205)。
关键词
水下方位估计
阵列信号处理
波束形成
underwater target azimuth estimation
array signal processing
beamforming
