摘要
文章探讨了19世纪中叶至20世纪初上海马桶、管网与卫生间之间的互动关系。抽水马桶在上海的引入打破了原由“木制马桶”所维系的城乡联结的粪秽循环模式,与租界现有供水排水体系产生矛盾,一度被禁止使用。随着“抽水马桶禁令”的取消,公共租界区域被迫建立更高效的污水净化系统,而法租界和华界仍采用化粪池或人工收集的处理方式。在更有效率的粪秽处理方式的支持下,市政规则对“空气”“水”等环境要素的管理以及一系列马桶、管网、化粪池的技术标准制定,重构了城市秩序,并进一步推动房屋中针对卫生间功能的专门化。这一过程反映了近代上海在城市现代化进程中的独特经验,为理解技术、社会与空间之间的复杂关系提供了新视角。
This paper examines the interactive relationships among wooden buckets,water closets,pipes,and toilet spaces in Shanghai from the mid-19th centuryto the early 20th century.The findings reveal that the introduction of water closets disruptedthe existing rural-urbanfecal waste circulation system maintained by wooden buckets,creating conflicts with the existing water supply and drainage systems in the foreign settlements,which led to a temporary ban on their use.Following the lifting of the"water closet ban,"Shanghai's International Settlement was compelled to establish a more efficient sewage treatment system,while the French Concession and Chinese districts maintained using septic tanks or wooden buckets.Supported by more efficient waste disposal methods,municipal regulations on environmental elements such as"air"and"water,"along with the technical standards for water closets,pipes,and septic tanks,promoted the specialization of toilet spaces in buildings.This process reflects Shanghai's unique urban modernization,offering new perspectives on understanding the complex relationships among technology,society,and space.
出处
《时代建筑》
2025年第2期54-61,共8页
Time + Architecture
基金
国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目留金选[2023]49号。
关键词
卫生
市政治理
现代性事物
建筑与城市空间
科学
技术与社会
Weisheng/Hygiene
Municipal Governance
Things of Modernity
Architecture and Urban Space
Science
Technology and Society
