摘要
望月冰翠是以津轻为母本,富士和丹霞混合花粉为父本选育的中晚熟黄绿色苹果新品种。果实近圆形,果实底色为黄绿色,果肉乳白色,果面光洁,有蜡质,肉质紧密,风味甜,香气浓郁;平均单果质量194.70 g,最大单果质量达222.97 g,果形指数0.91,每果实含5~7粒种子。汁液多,可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)15.60%,可滴定酸含量0.22%,维生素C含量2.48 mg·100 g^(-1),硬度为8.32 kg·cm^(-2),品质上等。果实发育期为135~140 d;在晋中地区(37°20′36″N,112°29′35″E)9月中旬成熟,无采前落果,萌芽率高,成枝力中等,具短枝性状;果台枝连续结果能力强,有腋花芽结果习性。高抗炭疽叶枯病,环境适应性强。果实耐贮藏,贮藏期间无果实病害症状。在我国苹果主产区均可栽培,栽后第2年皆可挂果,盛果期平均每666.7 m^(2)产量为2886 kg。
Wangyuebingcui is a mid-to-late season apple cultivar optimized for fresh consumption,and characterized by its premium yellowish-green exterior.This variety was developed through controlled hybridization in 2007 in the experimental orchards using Tsugaru as the maternal parent and composite pollens blend from Fuji and Danxia cultivars.Following germination of labeled hybrid seeds in the spring of 2008,1256 robust seedlings were meticulously cultivated.The hybrid population commenced significant fruiting in 2013,with successive selection rounds in 2014(primary)and 2015(secondary)identifying superior traits including consistent productivity,balanced sweet-acid flavor profile,crisp-textured juicy flesh,spontaneous floral initiation,and distinctive unbagged green fruits with glossy surfaces.Multi-regional adaptability trials conducted in Linyi,Wanrong,and Pu counties of Yuncheng City demonstrated exceptional environmental adaptability,culminating in formal cultivar registration as Wangyuebingcui in 2024.The cultivar exhibits an open-branching architecture with primary branch angles exceeding 70°.Juvenile branches present reddish-brown coloration featuring sparse lenticels and moderate pubescence,maturing to grey-green in 2-3 year growth with brown,slightly protuberant lenticels.Foliar morphology includes lanceolate-elliptic laminae(mean 9.83 cm×5.0 cm)with acute apices and crenate margins,displaying slight undulation from pale green in juvenility to dark green in maturity.A cluster contains 5-6 flowers with 4.37 cm diameter corollas on 2.21 cm pedicels,transitioning from pink buds to pinkish-white ovate petals.Fruit development progresses from greenish-brown at immature stage to subglobose at maturity stage(shape index 0.91)with uniform yellowish-green base coloration.The waxy and blemish-free surface encases creamy-white flesh exhibiting dense cellular structure,notable crispness,and abundant juice secretion.Average fruit mass reaches 194.70 g(maximum 222.97 g),containing 5-7 seeds per fruit,with distinctive sweetness(15.60%soluble solids content)and pronounced aromatic quality.Physicochemical profiling confirms premium attributes:0.22%titratable acidity,2.48 mg·100 g^(-1) vitamin C content,and firmness of 8.32 kg·cm^(-2).The 135-140 day fruit development cycle culminates in mid-September maturation in central Shanxi(37°20′36″N and 112°29′35″E),demonstrating negligible preharvest drop.The cultivar combines high budbreak rate with moderate branching capacity,exhibiting spur-type growth pattern,sustained cluster-base productivity,and axillary flowering propensity.Notable resistance to anthracnose leaf spot(Glomerella cingulata)and broad environmental adaptability are documented.Postharvest evaluations reveal extended storage potential without pathological deterioration.It is adaptable to all major Chinese apple-growing regions,achieving second-year fruiting capacity and stabilized yields of 28.86 t·hm^(-2) during full production.Rootstocks are recommended to apply Malus baccata or M.robusta as base stocks,and the SH series as interstocks,or alternatively employ self-rooted dwarfing rootstocks such as M9-T337 and G935.Planting densities should follow 2 m×4 m(standard)or(1.0-1.5)m×4 m(high-density)configurations,and trees should be trained to slender spindle system.Canopy management involves spring branch thinning for structural optimization and summer practices including branch training,shoot pinching,vegetative growth control,and light exposure maximization.Pollination systems require(7-8)∶1 ratios using Danxia,Fuji,or Gala cultivars.Nutrient management emphasizes autumn organic manure and phased nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium application at critical growth stages,supplemented by foliar calcium-magnesium fertilization during rapid fruit expansion.
作者
续海红
杨凯
李广晋
张国强
田歌
艾渤昊
李旭强
王俊雅
XU Haihong;YANG Kai;LI Guangjin;ZHANG Guoqiang;TIAN Ge;AI Bohao;LI Xuqiang;WANG Junya(Pomology Institute,Shanxi Agricultural University/Shanxi Key Laboratory of Fruit Germplasm Creation and Utilization,Taiyuan 030031,Shanxi,China;Shanxi Yuncheng Fruit Industry Development Center,Yuncheng 044000,Shanxi,China;College of Horticulture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong 030800,Shanxi,China)
出处
《果树学报》
北大核心
2025年第8期1905-1908,共4页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
山西省科技重大专项计划(202201140601027-1)
山西省果树产业技术体系(2025CYJSTX07-04)
山西省农业重大技术协同推广(2022xttg03-08)
运城市科技计划项目(YCKJ-2022050)。
关键词
苹果
新品种
望月冰翠
中晚熟
Apple
New cultivar
Wangyuebingcui
Medium-late ripening
