摘要
中农珍珠4号是从中农珍珠×中油16号杂交一代群体中选育出来的黄肉油桃新品种。果实卵圆形,果顶稍突出,果皮底色深黄,果皮光滑无毛,果面70%以上着深红色,果肉黄色,近核处红,离核,硬溶质,风味香甜;平均单果质量76.2 g,最大单果质量96 g。平均可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)14.2%,可滴定酸含量0.28%,果肉硬度9.3 kg·cm^(-2),品质上。果实发育期130 d左右,在山东莒县地区8月中旬成熟,比中农珍珠晚10 d左右;花为蔷薇型、粉色,可自花结实。耐贫瘠,货架期5 d。适合山东地区春季栽培,第2年即可开花结果,第4年进入盛果期。
Zhongnong Zhenzhu 4 is a mid-season yellow-fleshed nectarine cultivar that was developed through artificial hybridization between Zhongnong Zhenzhu and Zhongyou 16 in 2013 at the experimental field of Juxian Institute of Peach.A total of 105 hybrid seeds were produced from this cross.Initial selection took place in 2016,focusing on its excellent eating quality,appealing appearance,and high yield potential.Following comprehensive regional adaptability trials conducted in Rizhao and Linyi from 2018 to 2022,the cultivar was officially selected in 2022.It was registered and certified as a new plant variety from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in the same year,designated as Zhongnong Zhenzhu 4 with the variety code GPD peach(2022)210037.The tree demonstrates moderate growth vigor and an open canopy,and is highly productive and consistently yielding,producing fruit that are flavorful,yellow-fleshed.Young branches exhibit a reddish-brown hue on the sunlit side and green on the shaded side,with an average internode length of 1.7 cm and double-flowered buds.The leaves are elliptical lanceolate,11.5 cm in length and 3.9 cm in width,featuring circular serrations along the edges.The flowers are pink,self-pollinating,with glabrous ovary walls and equal-height stamens and pistils.The fruit is ovate,characterized by a yellow skin and a deep-red surface,with over 90% of the fruit's exterior covered in deep red.The suture line is moderately pronounced,and the two halves are relatively symmetrical.The flesh is yellow with red pigmentation surrounding the stone,with an average fruit weight of 76 g and a maximum weight of 96 g.At harvest,the flesh firmness of the mature fruit reaches 9.3 kg·cm^(-2).The soluble solid content(SSC)ranges from 14.0% to 16.0%,while the total acid content varies between 0.25% and 0.30%.The stone is easily separated,and the flesh is sweet.In Rizhao,bud break occurs in late March and lasts for 3-5 days.Fruit matures in mid-August,approximately 130 days post-bloom,and a harvesting period extends over 5 days.The fruit has a good storage performance,with a shelf life up to 5 days.The defoliation period occurs in late November,resulting in a total growth period of around 260 days.In comparison to its parent variety,Zhongnong Zhenzhu,the new cultivar Zhongnong Zhenzhu 4 matures approximately 10 days later and produces larger fruit.It begins fruiting in the second year following spring planting and achieves higher production levels by the fourth year.The cultivar exhibits stable yields and is well-suited for cultivation in Shandong Province and neighboring peach-growing regions.A Y-shaped training system is recommended for implementation in flat areas,with a spacing of(1.5-2.0)m×(4-5)m.All types of fruit-bearing branches can yield fruit,with medium and long fruit branches being predominant.Natural fruit set rates reach 70.3% without the presence of pollinizer trees,with yields potentially reaching up to 2500 kg per 666.7 m^(2).However,fruit thinning is crucial to maintain commercial quality and tree vigor,with a recommended spacing of 10 cm between fruits on the same side.To ensure optimal eating and commercial quality,yields should be controlled to below 1500 kg per 666.7 m^(2).
作者
王莹莹
刘立常
刘志伍
杨兴旺
王孝娣
WANG Yingying;LIU Lichang;LIU Zhiwu;YANG Xingwang;WANG Xiaodi(Research Institute of Pomology of CAAS,Huludao 125100,Liaoning,China;Juxian Institute of Peach,Rizhao 276800,Shandong,China)
出处
《果树学报》
北大核心
2025年第8期1912-1915,共4页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
中国农业科学院创新工程项目(CAAS-ASTIP)
国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1000203)
日照市科技计划项目(2019CXZX1105)。
关键词
油桃
新品种
中农珍珠4号
黄肉
Nectarine
New cultivar
Zhongnong Zhenzhu 4
Yellow-flesh
