摘要
【目的】针对传统废水脱盐技术能耗高、成本高、碳足迹大的问题,研究旨在探讨正渗透微生物燃料电池(OsMFC)在废水减污脱盐中的应用潜力,并分析其面临的挑战,为该技术的可持续发展和规模化应用提供理论支持。【方法】文章详细介绍了OsMFC的工作原理,对比分析了不同原料液、驱动液、膜材料和电极材料运行条件下,OsMFC系统的电化学性能、膜通量和污染物降解效果。通过文献调研和数据分析,总结了影响OsMFC运行效能的关键因素,并针对放大化应用中存在的问题,提出了潜在的解决方案。【结果】研究表明,使用氯化钠作为驱动液时,OsMFC表现出较高的电能输出和脱盐效率。薄层复合膜由于其更大的孔隙率和机械强度,被认为是比传统醋酸纤维膜更理想的选择。OsMFC展现出高效的有机污染物处理能力,COD去除率可达63%~95%。然而,该技术仍面临浓差极化、膜结垢和反向溶质通量等问题,这些问题降低了水通量和产电性能,提高了运行成本。【结论】OsMFC作为一种新兴的废水处理技术,具有废水减污、脱盐和能量回收的潜力。未来的研究应重点关注以下几个方面:开发低成本、高水通量的膜材料;筛选培养电活性微生物,优化微生物产电性能;优化OsMFC放大应用后的反应器设计和配置;探索利用盐厂盐水或反渗透废水等廉价易得的废水作为驱动液。通过解决这些问题,有望实现OsMFC的大规模化应用,构建一种可持续发展的低碳废水处理解决方案。
[Objective]Aiming at the problems of high energy consumption,high cost and large carbon footprint of traditional wastewater desalination technology,this study aims to explore the potential application of osmotic microbial fuel cell(OsMFC)in wastewater pollution reduction and desalination,and analyze the challenges it is facing,so as to provide theoretical support for the sustainable development and large-scale application of this technology.[Methods]The working principle of OsMFC is introduced in detail,and the electrochemical performance,membrane flux and pollutant degradation effect of the OsMFC system are comparatively analyzed under the operating conditions of different feedstock fluids,driving fluids,membrane materials and electrode materials.Through literature research and data analysis,the key factors affecting the operating efficacy of OsMFC are summarized,and potential solutions are proposed for the problems in scale-up applications.[Results]The study shows that OsMFC exhibits high electrical energy output and desalination efficiency when sodium chloride is used as the driving fluid.Thin-layer composite membranes are considered to be a more desirable option than traditional acetate membranes due to their greater porosity and mechanical strength.OsMFC demonstrates high efficiency in treating organic pollutants,with COD removals ranging from 63%to 95%.However,the technology still faces problems such as concentration polarization,membrane fouling,and reverse solute flux,which reduce the water flux and power production performance and increase the operating cost.[Conclusion]OsMFC,as an emerging wastewater treatment technology,has the potential for wastewater pollution reduction,desalination and energy recovery.Future research should focus on the following aspects:developing low-cost and high water flux membrane materials;screening and cultivating electroactive microorganisms to optimize the microbial electricity production performance;optimizing the reactor design and configuration after the scale-up application of OsMFC;and exploring the use of cheap and readily available wastewater,such as saltworks brine or reverse osmosis wastewater,as the driving fluid.By solving these problems,it is expected to realize the large-scale application of OsMFC and construct a sustainable low-carbon wastewater treatment solution.
作者
张娟
彭东晓
刘其庭
彭龙飞
赵亮
刘洪波
ZHANG Juan;PENG Dongxiao;LIU Qiting;PENG Longfei;ZHAO Liang;LIU Hongbo(Shanghai Power Equipment Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200240,China;School of Environment and Architecture,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai 200093,China)
出处
《净水技术》
2025年第8期21-29,44,共10页
Water Purification Technology
