摘要
【目的】全氟化合物(perfluorinated compounds,PFCs)因其化学稳定性及疏油疏水特性,在自然水体和污水处理厂各个环节中均被检测出。PFCs具有生物毒性,即使低浓度下也会对环境和生物体造成潜在危害。研究旨在探讨PFCs的污染现状及其赋存特征,系统评估其在污水处理厂不同处理单元及典型PFCs去除技术的处理效果,为PFCs的污染控制提供科学依据。【方法】通过系统分析现有文献,评估PFCs在污水处理厂各处理单元中的去除效率,并结合吸附法、膜滤法、湿地植物修复法及高级氧化法等典型去除技术的应用案例,比较其对短链与长链PFCs的去除效果与限制条件。【结果】污水处理厂进水中PFCs以短链为主;一级处理工艺对PFCs去除率较低,消毒工艺甚至可能使PFCs浓度增加;二级处理工艺通过污泥吸附去除部分PFCs,短链PFCs在生物处理单元中不易被污泥吸附及富集,且部分长链PFCs在处理中转化为短链PFCs,进一步降低短链PFCs的去除效率。相比之下,典型处理技术对PFCs的去除效果显著优于常规处理工艺,但对短链PFCs的去除效率仍低于长链PFCs。【结论】总体而言,常规污水处理工艺对PFCs的去除受限,且长链PFCs的转化则进一步增加了短链PFCs的环境暴露风险。典型PFCs去除技术具有显著优势,但其实际应用受制于经济成本和技术成熟度。因此,未来应注重开发针对短链PFCs的高效去除技术,并探索多种方法的耦合联用,同时加强对PFCs迁移与降解机制的研究,实现全生命周期的污染控制。
[Objective]Perfluorinated compounds(PFCs),due to their chemical stability and hydrophobic/oleophobic properties,have been detected in natural water bodies and at various stages of wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs).PFCs exhibit biotoxicity and may pose potential hazards to the environment and organisms even at low concentrations.This study aims to investigate the current pollution status and occurrence characteristics of PFCs,systematically evaluate their removal efficiencies in different treatment units of WWTPs and typical PFCs removal technologies,provide a scientific basis for PFC pollution control.[Methods]By systematically analyzing existing literature,the study evaluates the removal efficiency of PFCs in different treatment units of WWTPs and compares the effectiveness and limitations of typical removal technologies such as adsorption,membrane filtration,wetland plant remediation and advanced oxidation technology in addressing short-and long-chain PFCs.[Results]PFCs in the influent of WWTPs are mainly shortchain compounds.Primary treatment processes have low removal rates for PFCs,and disinfection processes may even increase PFC concentrations.Secondary treatment processes can remove certain amounts of PFCs through sludge adsorption.Compared to long-chain PFCs,short-chain PFCs are less likely to be adsorbed and accumulated in the sludge phase during biological treatment units,and some long-chain PFCs may transform into short-chain PFCs during treatment processes;therefore,the removal rate of short-chain PFCs is lower than that of long-chain PFCs.In contrast,typical PFCs removal technologies demonstrate significantly better performance in treating PFCs compared to conventional treatment processes,but the removal efficiency for short-chain PFCs is still lower than that for long-chain PFCs.[Conclusion]Overall,conventional wastewater treatment processes are limited to removing PFCs,and the transformation of long-chain PFCs further increases the environmental exposure risk of short-chain PFCs.Although typical PFCs removal technologies have significant advantages,their practical application is constrained by economic costs and technological maturity.Therefore,future efforts should focus on developing efficient removal technologies targeting short-chain PFCs,exploring the combined use of multiple method,and strengthen research on the migration and degradation mechanisms of PFCs to achieve full lifecycle pollution control.
作者
张立
孙旭超
李朝宇
王思
刘海燕
万年红
李首道
姜宇
ZHANG Li;SUN Xuchao;LI Chaoyu;WANG Si;LIU Haiyan;WAN Nianhong;LI Shoudao;JIANG Yu(Central&Southern China Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430000,China;School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China;School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China;Shimadzu<China>Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan Branch,Wuhan 430060,China)
出处
《净水技术》
2025年第8期9-20,共12页
Water Purification Technology
基金
武汉市知识创新专项曙光计划资助项目(2023020201020327)
湖北省住房和城乡建设科学技术计划项目(KY-S-S-2023-006)。
关键词
全氟化合物
污水处理
时空分布
活性污泥
污水处理技术
perfluorinated compounds(PFCs)
wastewater treatment
spatiotemporal distribution
activated sludge
wastewater treatment technology
