摘要
明清以来西方传教士利用科学技术在中国顺利进行宗教传播活动,耶稣会士在传教中更是尊重中国传统的文化,允许中国教徒保留传统的礼仪活动。但是到了康熙朝其他修会认为这些行为违背了天主教的教义而发布禁令,由此引发罗马教廷和清廷之间的所谓“礼仪之争”。教廷为了解决礼仪问题派遣特使到北京交涉,但是在北京不但没有解决问题反而激怒康熙皇帝,还致使特使等人与相关教士遭到驱逐,协助特使团在京工作的基督徒受此牵连亦遭惩罚。本文主要通过鲜为人知的满文档案文献,辅以西文资料,对极少被学界关注的受礼仪之争牵连的基督徒进行探讨,以此澄清学界未曾了解的史实情况。
With the help of science and technology,Western missionaries in China have successfully spread their religion during the Ming and Qing dynasties.The Jesuits respected traditional Chinese culture and allowed Chinese believers to remain traditional ritual activities.However,during the reign of the Emperor Kangxi,other religious orders considered these ritual actions above was contrary to Catholic doctrine and issued bans,which ignited the so-called“Chinese Rites Controversy”between the Holy See and the Qing Court.In order to quell the controversy,the Holy See sent a papal legate to Beijing,which however was more of a hindrance than a help.The legate inflamed Emperor Kangxi,which led to the expulsion of the papal legate and related missionaries.In Beijing,the Christians who had offered help to the papal legate were punished as well.Based on little-known Manchu archives and Western materials,this article discusses the Christians embroiled in the Chinese Rites Controversy,which has received little scholarly attention,in order to clarify some historical details.
出处
《国际汉学》
2025年第4期39-54,155,共17页
International Sinology
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“盛京内务府抄存档案《黑图档》整理与研究”(项目编号:22&ZD332)的研究成果。
关键词
满文
康熙
礼仪之争
基督徒
传教士
Manchu
Emperor Kangxi
Chinese Rites Controversy
Christians
missionaries
