摘要
目的了解和掌握我国疾病预防控制机构(以下简称疾控机构)在突发中毒事件医疗应急处置中毒物检测能力的现状,为区域差异化能力建设提供数据支撑。方法利用突发中毒事件卫生应急信息平台,收集省、市、县级疾控机构的实验室资质和检测人员情况、检测设备的配备率,以及对该机构检测89种重要毒物的能力进行分析。结果各级疾控机构理化和微生物实验室在实验室认可和计量认证方面均呈现减弱的趋势;省级和市级疾控机构理化实验室和微生物实验室检测人员数量[22(14,30)人,6.5(4,11)人]显著高于县级疾控机构[3.5(0,5.2)人],与市级相比,省级疾控机构理化实验室检测人员数量优势较明显,而在微生物实验室检测人员数量方面两者差异并不显著[13(10,29)人vs.8(4.5,12.3)人]。省级机构在现场毒物检测设备和实验室检测仪器的配备上具有较大优势,但在有毒动植物检测方面仍然较弱;市级疾控机构在有毒动植物、细菌、真菌和药物检测等方面的能力均较差;县级疾控机构的各种检测能力均处于较低水平。被调查机构对溴化氢、麦角毒素、氟乙酸、一甲胺、乙二酸、3-硝基丙酸、溴、石房蛤毒素、产气荚膜梭状芽孢杆菌毒素等指标的检测能力最低,对镉、汞、铅等金属的检测能力相对较强。结论本次调查首次覆盖全国31个省级、18个市级及54个县级疾控机构,并新增89种毒物检测指标;调查结果显示,疾控机构的毒物检测能力较上次调查有一定提升,但距离国家要求尚有差距;县级疾控机构检测能力最为薄弱,提示各级疾控机构毒物检测能力建设均应进一步加强。
Objective To understand the current status of the toxic substances detection capabilities in medical emergency responses to sudden poisoning incidents among disease prevention and control institutions(CDC)in China,thereby provide data support for regionally differentiated capacity-building.Methods The data on qualifications of laboratories and testing personnels,equipment availability rates,and the ability to detect 89 critical toxic substances of the provincial,municipal,and county-level CDC laboratories via the Public Health Emergency Information Platform for Sudden Poisoning Incidents were collected and analyzed.Results This survey showed that in laboratory accreditation and metrological certifications for both physical/chemical and microbiological laboratories of disease control institutions at all levels were showing a weakening trend;the numbers of testing personnel in both physical/chemical and microbiological laboratories of provincial and municipal CDC institutions[22(14,30)and 6.5(4,11),respectively]were significantly higher than that of county-level CDC institutions[3.5(0,5.2)];despite comparing with municipal institutions,the testing personnel advantage of physical/chemical laboratory in provincial disease control institutions was more obvious,while the difference in microbiological laboratory testing personnel between provincial and municipal CDC institutions it seemed no significant difference[13(10,29)vs.8(4.5,12.3)].Only in terms of on-site toxin detection equipment and laboratory testing instrument equipment,the provincial CDC institutes had some significant advantages,while its detection ability for toxic animals and plants was still weak;the detection capability in the aspects mentioned above in city level CDC institutes were all weaker compared with provincial institutes;whereas various testing capabilities of county-level CDC institutions were very backward and at a relatively low level.The surveyed institutions had the lowest detection ability for such substances as hydrogen bromide,ergotoxine,fluoroacetic acid,monomethylamine,oxalic acid,3-nitropropionic acid,bromine,saxitoxin,and clostridium perfringens toxin,while their detection capabilities for some metals such as cadmium,mercury,and lead detection were relatively stronge.Conclusion The survey covers 31 provincial,18 municipal,and 54 county-level disease control institutions nationwide for the first time,and adds 89 new toxin detection indicators.The results suggested that the poison detection capabilities of CDC institutions have improved to some extent compared to previous surveys,but there was still a gap between them and national requirements;the testing capacity of county-level CDC institutions was the weakest,indicating that the construction of toxin testing capacity in all levels of disease control institutions should be further strengthened.
作者
郎楠
蒋绍锋
袁媛
张宏顺
张驭涛
周静
LANG Nan;JIANG Shaofeng;YUAN Yuan;ZHANG Hongshun;ZHANG Yutao;ZHOU Jing(State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning/National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control,Chinese Center of Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China)
出处
《中国工业医学杂志》
2025年第3期256-260,277,共6页
Chinese Journal of Industrial Medicine
基金
创伤与化学中毒全国重点实验室自主研究项目(2024SKLCDC-08)。
关键词
中毒事件
毒物检测
医疗应急
疾病预防控制中心(CDC)
poisoning incident
toxic substance detection
medical emergency response
center for disease control and prevention(CDC)
