摘要
知识产权犯罪数字化转型背景下,既有罪量要素评价标准存在形式化、均等化、主观化等现实问题,难以为数字化环境下产生的各类新型知识产权犯罪的定罪处罚提供合理根据。“情节严重”作为知识产权犯罪的罪量要素,属于客观的违法程度要素而非责任要素,表征的是客观的法益侵害程度,揭示的是侵犯知识产权行为的实质可罚性,其所具有的实质出罪机能旨在将法益侵害尚未达到值得科处刑罚程度的侵犯知识产权行为排除出犯罪圈,从而限定刑法的处罚范围。在准确把握罪量要素的本质属性与功能定位的基础上,应对侵犯知识产权罪以情节犯为主导的罪量评价模式进行数字化更新与针对性调适:其一,罪量要素评价标准实质化,法益侵害的判断应从关注行为不法转向重视结果不法;其二,罪量要素评价标准差异化,在以侵权作品数量入罪时,线上入罪标准应高于线下入罪标准;其三,罪量要素评价标准客观化,不宜将受过行政处罚纳入“情节严重”的考量因素。
In the context of the digital transformation of intellectual property crimes,the existing evaluation standards for crime quantity elements exhibit practical issues such as formalization,equalization,and subjectivization,making it difficult to provide reasonable grounds for the conviction and sentencing of various new types of intellectual property crimes emerging in the digital environment.“Serious circumstances”as a crime quantity element in intellectual property crimes constitutes an objective element of illegality rather than an element of responsibility,representing the objective degree of infringement on legal interests and revealing the substantive punishability of acts infringing intellectual property rights.Its substantive decriminalization function aims to exclude from the circle of crimes those acts of intellectual property infringement where the infringement on legal interests has not yet reached a level warranting criminal punishment,thereby limiting the scope of criminal law penalties.Based on an accurate grasp of the essential attributes and functional positioning of crime quantity elements,the crime quantity evaluation model for intellectual property infringement crimes,which is dominated by circumstance-based offenses,should undergo digital updates and targeted adjustments:First,substantivize the evaluation standards for crime quantity elements,shifting the judgment of infringement on legal interests from focusing on the unlawfulness of the act to emphasizing the unlawfulness of the result;Second,differentiate the evaluation standards for crime quantity elements,where the criminalization threshold for online offenses should be higher than for offline offenses when using the quantity of infringing works as the entry criterion;Third,objectivize the evaluation standards for crime quantity elements,excluding prior administrative penalties from the considerations of“serious circumstances”.
出处
《新疆社会科学》
2025年第4期72-84,175,共14页
Social Sciences in Xinjiang
基金
中国政法大学青年教师学术创新团队支持计划“联合国打击网络犯罪公约刑事一体化研究”(25CXTD09)
证据科学教育部重点实验室(中国政法大学)开放基金资助课题“刑事司法证据与行政执法证据双向转化研究”(2025KFKT04)资助
国家社科基金项目“数字化条件下新型知识产权犯罪的刑法应对研究”(23CFX063)的阶段性成果。
关键词
侵犯知识产权罪
数字化
情节严重
法益侵害
罪量评价
入罪标准
Intellectual Property Infringement Crimes
Digitalization
Serious Circumstances
Infringement on Legal Interests
Crime Quantity Evaluation
Criminalization Standards
