摘要
目的:观察和分析社区内儿童青少年筛查性近视的变化趋势,为制定与调整学生近视预防与干预措施提供依据。方法:2019—2023年以上海市某社区所有公立幼儿园、小学、初中和高中学生为研究对象,对其进行裸眼视力检查及屈光筛查,观察视力不良、近视、散光及屈光参差检出率的变化趋势,比较不同性别、学段及眼别的近视率检出差异。结果:2019—2023年上海市某社区学生的近视检出率分别为71.95%、76.45%、75.30%、65.23%和65.98%,各年龄段的近视检出率呈平稳略有下降趋势,女生视力不良、筛查性近视及屈光参差检出率明显高于男生。同一个体的等效球镜度数自6岁起进入快速下降期,且左眼等效球镜度数在5岁后明显高于右眼。高中生高度近视率为20.45%,明显高于其他学段学生。男生高度近视率为22.52%,明显高于女生(18.55%)。结论:2019—2023年上海市某社区公立学校儿童青少年筛查性近视检出率呈平稳略有下降的趋势,但依然处于较高水平,应根据儿童青少年生理发育的不同阶段制定合适的近视防控策略,加强科普宣传,以降低儿童青少年近视的发生率并减缓其发展。
OBJECTIVE To observe and analyze the changing trends of screened myopia among children and adolescents in a certain community,so as to provide necessary policy evidence for the formulation and adjustment of prevention and intervention measures for students’myopia.METHODS From 2019 to 2023,the students of kindergartens,primary schools,middle schools and high schools were selected as subjects for unaided visual acuity test and refractive screening in the community.The changing trends in the detection rates of poor vision,myopia,astigmatism,and refractive aberration were observed,and the differences in myopia detection among different genders,school stages and eye types was compared.RESULTS From 2019 to 2023,the myopia detection rates of a community in Shanghai for 5 consecutive years were 71.95%,76.45%,75.30%,65.23%and 65.98%,respectively.The myopia detection rates of all ages showed a steady and slightly decreasing trend.The detection rates of poor visual acuity,screening myopia and refractive aberration in girls were significantly higher than those in boys.For the same individual,the equivalent spherical power entered a rapid decline channel from 6 years old,and the diopters of left eye was significantly higher than the right eye after 5 years old.The prevalence of high myopia in high school was 20.45%,showing a significant increase.The prevalence rates for male and female students were 22.52%and 18.55%,respectively,with a significant statistical difference.CONCLUSION From 2019 to 2023,the detection rate of screening myopia in a certain community of Shanghai showed a steady and slightly decreased trend,but it was still at a high level.Appropriate myopia prevention and control strategies should be formulated according to the different stages of physiological development of children and adolescents,and popular science publicity should be strengthened to reduce the incidence of myopia and slow down its development.
作者
王伟
张小梅
刘长超
陈兰兰
Wang Wei;Zhang Xiaomei;Liu Changchao;Chen Lanlan(Datuan Community Health Service Center of Pudong New District,Shanghai,201311,China)
出处
《中国初级卫生保健》
2025年第7期73-77,共5页
Chinese Primary Health Care
基金
上海东部儿科医疗联合体2024年度基层儿科临床服务培育项目(SHDB202402)。
关键词
儿童
青少年
屈光筛查
筛查性近视
屈光参差
children
adolescents
refractive screening
screened myopia
refractive aberration
