摘要
当前数字经济蓬勃发展,数据作为信息载体和生产要素的价值日益凸显。与此同时,产权缺失背景下数据滥用、泄露和流通不足的问题也逐渐显露,成为数字经济发展的一大阻碍。设立产权是破解数据滥用、泄露和流通不足问题的关键,但数据确权也面临如下两难:保护数据隐私,可以制止数据滥用和泄露,但会增加数据使用的限制,引发数据流通不畅,无法实现数据的充分流通与共享。既要保护隐私以体现公平,还要促进数据流通提高效率,在所有数据类型中,个人数据面临的情况最为典型。文章基于新制度经济学的视角,从个人数据的价值和现实需要探讨建立个人数据产权的意义,以“效率和公平”为主线探讨个人数据产权的可能性安排。通过在产权安排中引入政府作为第三方,为个人数据的所有权提供公共性保护,以维持效率与公平之间的张力。
With the rapid advancement of the digital economy,the importance of data as both an information carrier and a factor of production has become increasingly emphasized.However,without clearly defined property rights,issues such as data misuse,leakage,and limited circulation have emerged,posing significant challen-ges to its sustainable development.Establishing data property rights is crucial to ad-dressing these challenges,but it presents a dilemma:while protecting data privacy can prevent data misuse and leakage,it also imposes restrictions on data usage,re-sulting in poor circulation and impeding data sharing.Privacy protection is essential to ensure fairness,yet promoting data circulation is equally important to enhance ef-ficiency.This challenge is especially pronounced in the context of personal da-ta.From the perspective of new institutional economics,this article explores the val-ue and practical necessity of establishing property rights for personal data and,guided by the principles of‘efficiency and faimess’,examines potential arrange-ments for its ownership.By advocating for the involvement of the government as a third party in the ownership framework,public protection of personal data rights can be ensured,helping to strike a delicate balance between efficiency and fairness.
作者
刘姝辰
贺嘉仪
孙圣民
LIU Shuchen;HE Jiayi;SUN Shengmin(Department of Social and Ecological Civilization Teaching and Research,Party School of the CPC Shandong Provincial Committee,250014;Guanghua School of Management,Peking University,100871;School of Economics,Renmin University of China,100872)
出处
《制度经济学研究》
2025年第1期23-44,共22页
Research on Institutional Economics
基金
山东省自然科学基金青年项目“多元福利视角下女性生育意愿提升的影响因素研究(ZR2023QG118)”
国家自然科学基金面上项目“政府主导经济发展的历史起源、演变和得失:基于国家能力视角”(72173124)
中共山东省委党校重大项目攻关创新科研支撑项目的阶段性成果
关键词
个人数据确权
数据隐私
数据流通
效率与公平
Personal Data Ownership
Data Privacy
Data Circulation
Efficiency and Fairness
