摘要
复杂网络理论为数字时代探究增值税留抵退税改革在缓解要素市场扭曲中的多重效应提供了新视角。本文以2013—2023年上市公司及其所在的31个省(自治区、直辖市)要素市场为研究对象,构建“微观企业要素供需(节点)—上中下游供应链传导(边)—资本与劳动力要素市场(网)”的复杂网络分析框架,通过准自然实验检验留抵退税改革对要素市场扭曲的影响效应及作用机制。研究发现,留抵退税改革可显著缓解要素市场扭曲。机制检验显示,留抵退税改革提升了企业的管理效率和生产效率,缓解企业要素扭曲的同时增强了供应链韧性,并最终缓解资本和劳动力要素市场扭曲。异质性分析表明,对于资本密集型和技术密集型企业,留抵退税改革的要素市场扭曲缓解效应更明显。进一步研究发现,留抵退税改革可以增加企业数字生产要素投入,进而缓解要素市场扭曲。研究为税收制度改革和全国统一大市场建设提供了新的经验证据。
Complex network theory offers a fresh perspective for exploring the multiple effects of VAT credit re-fund reforms in alleviating distortions in factor markets in the digital age.Taking listed companies from 2013 to 2023 and the factor markets in the 31 provinces(autonomous regions or municipalities)where they are located as the research subjects,this study constructs a complex network analysis framework comprising"micro-level firm factor supply and demand(nodes)-upstream,midstream,and downstream supply chain transmission(edges)-and the capital and labor factor markets(network)",and employs a quasi-natural experiment to examine the impact and mechanism of the VAT credit refund reform on factor market distortions.The study finds that the VAT credit refund reform can significantly alleviate distortions in factor markets.Mechanism tests indicate that the reform improves firms'management and production efficiency,thereby mitigating distortions at the firm level while enhancing supply chain resilience,which ultimately alleviates distortions in the capital and labor factor markets.Heterogeneity analysis shows that the alleviating effects of the VAT credit refund reform are more pro-nounced for capital-intensive and technology-intensive firms.Further research reveals that the reform can in-crease firms'investment in digital production factors,thereby alleviating market distortions in factor markets.Overall,the study provides new empirical evidence and forward-looking insights for tax system reforms and the construction of a unified national market.
作者
黄丽君
向星宇
林中岚
Huang Lijun;Xiang Xingyu;Lin Zhonglan
出处
《财政科学》
2025年第6期29-48,共20页
Fiscal Science
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“数字经济时代我国税收制度适配性研究”(项目编号:23&ZD063)
云南财经大学引进人才项目“复杂网络视角下增值税留抵退税政策对要素市场扭曲的缓解效应研究”(项目编号:2024D03)
云南财经大学研究生创新基金项目“水资源税改革的双重红利效应研究:生态生产力与地方财政价值链视角”(项目编号:2025YUFEYC033)
云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(研究生类)“税收营商环境优化与要素市场扭曲缓解:机制、效应与路径研究”(项目编号:2025Y0760)。
关键词
增值税留抵退税
要素市场扭曲
复杂网络
数字要素
VAT Credit Refunds
Factor Market Distortions
Complex Network
Digital Factors
