摘要
雷达是飞机的“眼睛”,也是飞机制导的重要部件,须通过雷达罩进行防护。由于雷达部件主要位于飞机头部,服役环境复杂,雷达罩材料须具备高透波、耐雨蚀抗冲击、抗静电等特性。然而,雷达罩材料主要为玻璃钢复合材料,其耐雨蚀和抗静电性能差,雨水侵蚀和静电积聚会干扰雷达信号传输,影响飞行安全。因此,采用耐雨蚀抗静电的涂层是有效的防护手段。本文重点综述飞机雷达罩涂层系统的特点和国内外研究现状,并展望涂层材料的发展和研究方向。作者根据飞机雷达罩的服役环境特点总结涂层的性能要求,并对耐雨蚀抗静电涂层系统的结构特点、防护机理及国内外研究进展进行分析。国内对飞机雷达罩涂层材料的研究起步较晚,涂层经过非弹性涂层到聚氨酯弹性涂层的迭代,又在聚氨酯树脂上进一步改性优化,提高了耐候性。而在抗静电涂层方面,还面临导电性能与介电性能的平衡以及涂层性能稳定性等难题。最后,简要分析飞机雷达罩涂层材料的发展,并建议在未来从涂层材料性能随环境因素的变化规律、涂层材料的损伤失效机制和涂层材料的多功能性兼容三个方面进行深入研究。
Radar serves as the“eye”of aircraft,playing a crucial role in aircraft guidance and thus necessitating protection by radomes.Given that radar components are primarily positioned at the aircraft’s nose and work in a complex environment,radome materials must exhibit high wave transparency,rain erosion resistance,impact resilience,and antistatic properties.However,the prevailing radome material,glass fiber reinforced plastic composites,falls short in terms of rain erosion resistance and antistatic performance.Rain erosion and electrostatic accumulation can disrupt radar signal transmission,ultimately compromising flight safety.Consequently,the application of rain-erosion-resistant and antistatic coatings emerges as an effective protective measure.This paper reviews the characteristics and current research status of aircraft radome coating systems globally and domestically,while also projecting the development and research directions of coating materials.Initially,the paper analyses the performance requirements for coatings based on the unique service environment of aircraft radomes.It then delves into the structural characteristics,protection mechanisms,and international research advancements of rain-erosion-resistant and antistatic coating systems.Domestic research into aircraft radome coating materials has a relatively late onset.These coatings have evolved from inelastic formulations to polyurethane elastic coatings,with further refinements and optimizations to the polyurethane resin enhancing weather resistance.In the realm of antistatic coatings,ongoing challenges include balancing electrical conductivity and dielectric properties while ensuring coating performance stability.Conclusively,the paper briefly analyzes the development key point of aircraft radome coating materials.It points out for future in-depth research focusing on three areas:the correlation between coating material properties and environmental factors,the damage and failure mechanisms of coating materials,and the compatibility of multifunctional coating materials.
作者
余俊
赵现伟
李培
刘凯巡
张泽
陈海宁
刘慧丛
叶辉
李卫平
YU Jun;ZHAO Xianwei;LI Pei;LIU Kaixun;ZHANG Ze;CHEN Haining;LIU Huicong;YE Hui;LI Weiping(College of Materials Science and Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China;Aerospace Research Institute of Materials and Processing Technology,China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology,Beijing 100076,China)
出处
《航空材料学报》
北大核心
2025年第4期56-66,共11页
Journal of Aeronautical Materials
基金
国家重点研发(2023YFB3408200)
北京市自然科学基金(L248096)。
关键词
飞机雷达罩
涂层材料
耐雨蚀
抗静电
介电性能
aircraft radome
coating materials
rain erosion resistance
antistatic property
dielectric property
