摘要
清初,朝廷延续前代旧例,赐孔氏优免特权。然而,地方的时常差派引发了孔府群体维护利益的优免申诉行为。以衍圣公为主的孔府作为实际受益者,因职责、现实利益及权力差序格局的影响,总体较为关注属官、庙佃户的优免权益,而忽略对族人优免权益的争取。受制于财政困境,地方政府虽然会同意孔府的部分优免申诉,但随着社会局势变化及差徭定额化改革的进行,也会对孔府优免进行诸多限制。朝廷优待孔府的政策在地方执行过程中变异,实际上成为一种“不完全”的优免特权。由孔府群体优免申诉的实践可见,清廷因借助孔府力量巩固政治合法性而对其优渥有加,但特权的施行并未如制度规定般理想,孔府权势亦在清中后期社会经济局势变化中逐渐下降。
At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty,the court continued the old practice,granted the privileges of preferential exemption from corvee to the Confucius Manison.However,the local authorities frequently imposed levies triggered the Confucius Manison Group to petition for preferential exemption from corvée to safeguard their privileged status.As the de facto beneficiary,the Confucius Manison dominated by Duke Yansheng generally paid more attention to the privileges of the subordinate officials and the temple tenants,and neglected to fight for the privileges of the clansmen shaped by governance imperatives,socioeconomic advantage,and hierarchical power structures.Due to financial difficulties,although local governments may agree to some of Confucius Manison Group's preferential exemption appeals,they will also impose many restrictions on Confucius Manison Group's preferential exemption as the social situation changes and the reform of the quota system for corvee.The court's policy of favoring the Confucius Manison was mutated in the process of local implementation,and has actually become an"incomplete"privilege.From the Confucius Manison Group's appeal practice for Preferential exemption from corvée,it can be seen that the Qing court favored the Confucius Manison because of its power to consolidate its political legitimacy.However,the implementation of the privileges was not as ideal as the system stipulated,and the puissance of the Confucius Manison gradually declined in the socio-economic situation of the middle and late Qing dynasty.
作者
蒲凤莲
吴佩林
Pu Fenglian;Wu Peilin
出处
《中国经济史研究》
北大核心
2025年第4期117-130,共14页
Researches in Chinese Economic History
基金
国家社会科学基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项“中国历史上地方治理的实践及启示”(项目编号:22VLS005)
教育部中华优秀传统文化专项课题(A类)重大项目(尼山世界儒学中心/中国孔子基金会课题基金项目)“孔氏族谱的收集、整理与研究”(项目编号:23JDTCZ013)
曲阜师范大学研究生学位论文科研创新资助基金项目“清至民国时期四氏圣裔群体差徭优免研究”(项目编号:LWCXS202309)阶段性成果之一。
关键词
清中后期
孔府群体
差徭优免
孔府档案
Middle and Late Qing Dynasty
Confucius Manison Group
Preferential Exemption from Corvée
Kong Family Mansion Archives
